Ukuprotekha kwe-UV nokuthuthukisa Okungaphakathi kwiFilimi Zokugqibela Izilima

Ukhokhelwa KweRays Ezingasendle neZilayithi eZingazisisekelwa kwe-UV

Ukukhuphuka okuningi kwe-UV kuchitha izilambiso, kubangela ukuthi zidale ngokwengeza futhi zinike amaphuthu angaphansi. Sicacile ukuthi kunezindlela zokuthi izilambiso ezitholwe kakhulu ezikhombisa izinkumbane zokuthi ukukhuphuka kwe-UV kuthinta indawo yokudala. Abafarm ayathola ukuthi kusebenza ukuthi bathinte izilambiso ngokushiyela kwezifilmi ezithunyelwe nge-UV stabilizers. Le filmi ngokuvamile inaleyo yindlela enjengo titanium dioxide eyamkela leyo yizulu ezingcono zingilande izilambiso. Imiphumela iyakhiwa ngokwakhe. Kunezifarm ezithi yabo amaphuthu adale ngaphezulu kwe-20% emva kokuthi bathinte lezi zindawo ezinike amakhawula. Ngakho, ngelokho kungcono kakhulu ukulungiselela izilambiso ukukhuphuka kweselwe, abafarm bethola ukuthi le filmi ephathelene ne-UV stabilizers inike amandla kwezinye izinto eziphatheni zabo futhi kungcono kakhulu ekonomikeni nekologini.

Ukulondoloza Isiphiwo Sokuqala Sokushaya Kwamafilimi

Imifilimbo yesicelo ikhona iminyaka ebalulekile kakhulu ukungabi ngesikhathi eside kakhulu ngokungabi kwezulu nezinye izimo zomhlaba. Uma kudlule isikhathi eside kudwendwe, le mithwabo ikhula kuthile okuphazamise kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kazo. Ukulinda kule ndawo, abakhethi befilyimbo banyukela izinto ezithile ngemvelo njengezinhloso zokuphepha kanye nezinhloso zokulindela izulu-UV lapho bezokwenza. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhloso zingakweselapha ukuphila kwezifilimbo kakhulu lapho kusebenzwa kahle. Abafarm khethe izindleko zokuthenga lapho baya kule nto futhi kungabi kudinga ukubuyela ngaphandle kwezifilimbo ngokushesha, lokhu kunceda kunceda kwezindleko ngokudlule kwekhulu. Lokho kuyindlela yokuthenga kahle futhi, ukunceda ukuthintana nezindleko zokubuyela ngaphandle kokuthintana nezindleko zokuthenga noma ubungo lapho kusebenza kahle ngemva kwezulu.

Ukulandela Isithomo Ngenhlabathi Okudingekayo

Ubungakanani Bokuthola Umgca Wobungakumbi

Amafilimu ezolimo anobuchwepheshe bokusakaza asiza ekuthuthukiseni i-photosynthesis ngoba avumela ukukhanya ukuba kufinyelele izitshalo ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uhlaka lwazo. Indlela lezi zinhlelo ezisebenza ngayo ilula impela empeleni zichitha ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze kungabikho lezo zindawo ezinesithunzi ezicasulayo noma izindawo ezikhanyayo ngokweqile ezitshalweni. Lapho ukukhanya kusakazeka kahle kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kuba nomthelela omkhulu. Abalimi abaye bahlola lobu buchwepheshe babika ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo, izitshalo zikhula ziqine futhi zikhiqize kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi basemanyuvesi amaningana bathola ukuthi izitshalo zamatamatisi ngaphansi kokukhanya okuhlakazayo zazikhiqiza izithelo ezingaba ngu-15% ngaphezu kwalezo ezazisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ososayensi bezitshalo bayaqhubeka begcizelela ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ngempela ukukhanya nokukhanya kombala ukuze kukhule kahle. Yingakho amapulazi amaningi athuthukile manje esehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza emisebenzini yawo njengengxenye yemikhuba yokulima ehlakaniphile.

Ukunquma Kwesikhombelo Sokuqala-Emva Kwezinsuku

Ukukhuluma kwe-infrared radiation ngokusebenzisa imifilmu yokulima kuyindlela esenza ngokuphambene ukugcinwa kwezindleko zokupheka emhlabeni wokuthutha kwamathungamali. Lapho le mifilmu ikhuluma ngokuphepha ukupheka, ayisiza ukuthutha izindleko zokupheka eziphansi kanti ziyasebenza ngokwehlukahluka kwezinsuku nezinyanga. Abalimi basebenza ngokwazo ukuthi izilwane ziyakhula ngokulungile lapho azikhaliwa ngokuphelele yizindleko eziphansi kanti ziphepha. Izifundo ezahlukahlukene emakethe ezithi ukugcinwa kwezindleko zokupheka kuyindlela esenza ngokuphambene ukuthutha kwamathungamali. Kwenye into esenza ngokuphambene ukuthutha kwamathungamali, kukhona futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa imoto. I-greenhouses iyadinga amandla angaphansi lapho ukukhuluma kwe-infrared kusebenza ngendlela esembeni, lokhu kuthatha izindleko zokusebenzisa i-electricity. Kulaba abalimi abathanda ukunciphisa izindleko ngenkathi bakhumbula ukuthutha kwamathungamali, lokhu kuyindlela yokukhuluma ngokuphepha ukupheka kuyenza ngokuphambene ukuthutha kwamathungamali nezindleko.

Ukuphatha Ukuvamileka Nge-amasi Noma Ukuphila Kwemithombo

Amaditayivhu Apha Anti-Drip Akhetha Ukuphuma Kwe-pathogen

Izithasiselo ezilwa nokuconsa zenza umehluko wangempela ekunqandeni ukusakazeka kwe-pathogen ngoba zivimba amaconsi amanzi ukuthi akheke endaweni yezolimo. Uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, lezi zithako zigcina amanzi angahlangani ezimbotsheni zepulasitiki, okunciphisa izinkinga zomswakama eziholela ezifweni zezitshalo. Ucwaningo lusekela ukubaluleka kwazo ekulweni nezifo zezitshalo. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kubonisa ukuthi izitshalo ezitshalwe ngaphansi kwamafilimu e-anti drip zihlaselwa izifo zesikhunta izikhathi ezimbalwa kakhulu kunalezo ezingaphansi kwepulasitiki evamile. Abalimi bazuza ngazo zombili izindlela lapha njengoba izifo ezimbalwa zisho izitshalo ezinempilo kanye nemali encane echithwa ekwelapheni. Ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo okuncishisiwe kuhumusha ngokuqondile kusivuno esingcono ngesikhathi sokuvuna, okwenza lezi zengezo zibe utshalomali olufanele ukucatshangelwa kunoma ubani ofuna ukukhulisa inzuzo yasepulazini kuyilapho kugcinwa umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu.

Amanani Amahlinzekile Ekhuphisa Ukuphumuleka Kwemanzini

Izifilimu zokulima manje zifakwe ngaphakathi izisistema zokugcina amanzi okunikeza ukulindiswa kwezimali ezibalweni. Lo teknoloji isebenza ngokuthatha futhi ithinte amanzi ngaphansi kwesicathami, lokhu kusho ukuthi abalimi banezidinga lokuphinde baphinde bane amanzi emasontweni. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi lapho izilwane zibilwa ngaphansi kwezifilimu eziqinileyo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezinye izinhloso ezithile njengokwe tomato ne-lettuce kudla kabili ngama-30%. Noma kunjalo kwezindleko, le ndlela yokugcina amanzi iyenza uhlelo olungileyo. Abalimi bakhubeka amanzi amakhulu kwezindleko zokunqamula futhi bakhuphe amakhetho okubhola nezinye izinhlelo. Okuthakazelwa ngaso kuyilokho lezifilimu ezingenzi amanzi ukuthi zihlale ukuthuthukisa izindleko nezidingo zokulima, ukunikeza abalimi ukulima ngokuthuthukisa futhi bakhusele amanzi abalulekileyo.

Ukuphakama Kwemoya nokusasa Ukusuka

Izifilimi Zokuphakama Ukusuka Okuyindoda

Imifilimu yokuhlisa yindlela encane kodwa enkulu xa kufika kwekuhlinzwa kwemithi khona ebusuku bokwesika. Iyasebenza ngokudala umkhamekasi ophakeme ngokungenhla kwezithi, kusebenza njengezombandla kakhulu oqinisekisa ukuthula kwezithi ngenxa yokwehlisa izimo eziphambene. Kube khona iziphondo ezitholile ukuthi uma kungekho ukulungiswa okufanele, izokhelo zingathola ukungcola okukhulu - kungenjani ama-20% wokuthola kwemihlombe esebenza ngokwemaphethini amathathu olunxuzelelo olutholile. Ukuphatha izindleko zokunqanda kuyindlela encane yabo bonke abasebenzisa izithi ngaleli xesha. Izokhelo ngokwesibonelo bayaqaphela izinto ezahlukene zokwenza lezi zombandla, kunezinto ezithi polyethylene noma imifilimu ye-vinyl ezokuhlisa ukwanda kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa kuphela ukuthula, lezi zinto bayaqinisekisa ukuthola kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi bahlakaniphile ukuguqula kwezindleko ezidinga ukuthi zingathintele izimo zokuthi zingathola izithi ngokuphelele kuleli xesha.

Amanani Akuyihlukene Okususa Ukuphuma Kwamaphupha

Imifilimu yegreenhouse edizayeni ukugcina umoya ngokwamanje uyathola okuncane kakhulu kwezindleko zokusebenza kwezinkampani eziningi. Uma le mfihlakanyiso ethile yilapho ekugcineni ubudlelwane bokunye, kungcolwa ngokwamanje ukusebenzisa imishini yokugcina umoya kakhulu lapho kuyasheshisa. Kunezifarmu ezithi kuthatha izindleko zokugcina umoya kwegcina ama-30% eminyakeni emibi ngemuva kokushintsha kwezifilimu eziphambene. Iziphumo ezincane zokushisa zinika amakhampani ukuthutha izindlela yokuzithutha ngokwesivinini kwezinyanga zonke, okuyisisekelo kakhulu kwezilwandle ezidinga ukuthi kugcinwe ubudlelwane. Abafarmi bethola ukuthi badinga ukugcina imizimba evelayo noma lapho kubizwa ukuthi kudinga izindleko ngisho nake le mfihlakanyiso inikeza ukugcinwa kwezimo ezingathintekiyo. Iziphumo ezifazwana kakhulu zokuthi kunezimali eziningi kakhulu abafarmi abasebenzisa ifilimu yokugcina umoya njengesicelo esingatholwanga kakhulu kwezinyathelo zonke zegreenhouse.

Isiphetho

Izinto ezintsha ezigcinwe kumakati wamaphoyila wokulima, kudinga lezo esebenza ngokulula kanye nokugcina umoya, ziyindlela engeza kwendlela yokulima ngokuhlanza umhlaba futhi ethintele kakhulu ukusebenzisa imithi ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwamathungulu. Abakhulima ezingathini zemanzini sele bengisile ukusebenzisa lezi zinto, futhi lokho kubonakala kusona senzo kusho ukuthi kuzozama izinto ezikhulu ahead. Ekonomikeni, lezi phoyila zikunciphisa izindleko zokugcina umoya ngeminyaka emkhuhkene, lokho kusho ukuthi abakhulima baya kuthola imbokodo ephumelelayo. Kuhlobo lwemazinga, zikunciphisa ukuth reliance kwezindleko zokugcina umoya kwiindawo zokulima ngaphandle kwezilwane. Uma sibheke phambili, le teknoloji ingathola ukuthi ukulima kube nemigomo yokuthuthukiswa kwamathungulu ngendlela engcono noma yini engaba nezindlela ezijwayelekile.

Izilungiselelo Ezidingezwe Ngenqanawe Yemali

Iiqhapha ZeCoextruded Ezivamiswayo Ngokwesigaba Sosikhli

Ukuthi kuhle kakhulu kwezifilim eziqoqwe ngokunye kukuthi kungakhulwa kuzo zonke izimo zomfula ehlukahlukene ngokwezwe, nokuvinjelwa amathikithi amelwe kubantu abalima ezingxenye ezahlukene. Zenzelwe ngokubandakanya amalula amaningi, le zifilim ngayinye inesbanga sakhe xa kufika kuvikelwa izilwane kwaye kuthuthukiswa ukupha phambili kwazo. Xa kuhlanganiswa ngokwemthakathi nezimo zomfula ezingxenyeni, le zifilim zenza uhlu olungelwa kwezindlela zokuthola izimbukodwa ngokuthi zidinga ngqo izimo eziphatheni. Abasebenzisa amagama bafunile ukuthi izindawo aphindile kuzo izifilim ezifanakalayo ezimweni zokuthi zabalima kakhulu izilwane ngama-20%. Le naniyo enjengeya ikubonisa ukuthi kutheni izifilim eziqoqwe ngokunye ziyakhula ngokuphephile kubantu abalima abayisebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezifanele kakhulu nezidinga zazo zezwe.

Ukugcwalisa Amahhaleleni nokuhlola Kuhlu

Isiqhelo esikhulu kumaphoyila wokulima kubukelwa ngokuphimela okudingekayo ukulungisa ukuphatha ngokuxhumana nokukhanya okuphakathi. Abakhululekile kudinga amaphoyila engapheli ngemvula noma ngokuyela kodwa baletha okukhanyayo okufanele ukuthi izilwane zikwanda ngendlela echanekileyo. Kunezinye izifundo ezisha ezibonisa uma ababhuyeke amaphoyila ngendlela efanele, izilwane zikwanda kabangela ngama-15% ngaphansi kwezinye iintlobo zemaphoyila ezindala, ngaphezulu koko lezi zinto ezisha zingapila ngemva kokuphela. Okungcono lapha kunezinye izindleko eziwona - ukusebenza ngakunye kwenza ukuba abakhululekile bethole imali ngemva kwezinkathi, futhi ngoba kungenzeka ukuba babuyise amaphoyila ngokusheshayo, kungenzeka ukuba kuthathwe isiqhelo esiphathimandlwa. Abakhululekile abaningi etholwayo babona lokhu njengokuphumelela kubo bonke abasebenzisa nokwandle.

Imincinci Ekuvumelweyo Kwisicwangciso Sokuqhubeka

Amavambe Olandelayo Ngaphandle Kwemphako Elandelayo

Ukungenisa izinto ezingena ngokuphezulu emhlaleni kuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu ekuphileni ngokwezindlela eziphathelene nezinkinga zokumiswa okusetshenziswayo kwiplastiki evela emhlaleni. Okunyanzeleke kakhulu ngale ndlela yokuthi lezi zinto ezingena ngokuphezulu ziphezula ngokweqile, kubangelwa ukuncipha kakhulu kwemvilwa yamaplastiki okuvela emhlaleni futhi kuzokwezwa ngokweqile. Kunezimiso ezithile ezweni lapho kusebenziswe izigaba ezithile zokuphathwa kwezilwandle ezinamandla, kubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto ziphezula ngokushesha. Abamhlali babize ukuthi ngelokho lezi ziphawu zokuphathwa ziphezula ngokuphezulu, akuzokhiwa lutho olungcono emhlabeni ngemuva kokuthola izimpambano. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, ngokuthi ubamkheli abe yisipho esikhulu kakhulu ngokushiya izindleko zokuthola izinto ezingena ngokuphezulu, abamhlali abaningi babize ukuthi ukuncipha kwezindleko zokuthola futhi ukungena kwezindleko zokuthola izinto ezingena ngokuphezulu kubangelwa ukuthi kuzokhiwa lutho olungcono. Ngenhloso yokuthi abathengi abaningi bafuna ukuthola izinto ezithuthukiswayo ngendlela esemngeniwe, lezi zinto ezingena ngokuphezulu ziphawula kakhulu abamhlali abathanda ukuthola izindleko eziphambene nezinkinga zokumiswa.

Amalayithi Amanani Ayiqhelekileyo Ezithunyelwe Ngenqanawe

I-Nanotech iyavutela uhlelo lwezimali zokulima okulandelwa yezinhlanu, kwenza ukuthi zisebenze ngakunye futhi acophele ukuthi izilwane zilime ngokwengeziwe. Izinhlanu eziyaqondile zinezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zokunciphisa amandla okufaka izilwane kanye nokulinda izilwane eziphakeme kwezilwane. Abakhululekile abasebenzisa lezi zinhlanu ezinhlelwe nge-nano bakhuluma ngokuthola ukuthola okuphakade kakhulu kwezilwane zabo kahle kanye nokunakekela okuphakade kakhulu. Kunezinye izinhlobo zokulaba eshia ukuthi izilwane ezilimwe ngaphakathi kwezi zinhlanu eziyiswe zilime ngokukhanya futhi zibe nezinkawo ezinkulu kunokulima okwesifazwe. Sicabanga ngakunye amakhishini aqala ukuguqula lezi zinhlanu ezifulekile njengoba abakhululekile ayethemba ngokulandelwa yezinhlanu futhi bathola ukuthi teknoloji yasemaphetheni iyakunikeza ukuthuthukwa kwezokulima. Noma kunjalo, ukuthuthukwa kwezinye izindawo kungahluhlu, abakhululekile abaningi bathi kahle ngemva kwezinyaka ezimbalwa, izokulima ezisemleni sokuphepha kuzodinga ukuthi kunezinhlobo zonke zokulima okulandelwa yezinhlanu.

Imibiko Yophandle Kwemfazwe Ngekhaya Nendawo Yokudibanisa Esikhathe

Ukucaphukela Kwemfazwe Wase-Aphrika Kwisihlanu Sokuhlala

Imicwephe yesi-Asia-Pacific yayikhula ngokukhulu xa kuvuka ukusebenzisa imicwephe yekhomakelo ngokwezimali. Imadata yokuthakatha ibonisa ukuthi leli candzaba libe nezingxenye ezingu-45% zokuthakatha kwangaphandle, ngisho ngenxa yekuthi izindawo ezijikeleze i-China ne-India zinezindlu zokohlwa ezikhulu kudinga ukuphela kwezinkimbizo zokulula. Kunezinto ezimbili ebuye zihlela leli candzaba phambili kuleli xesha. Okokuqala, kukhona ukuthinta okuphakathi ukubhanti abantu abaningi ngokuthi kwehlise ukubalekwa kwabantu ngokukhulu emhlabeni. Okwesibili, abahlali bokohlwa bayithola ukufinyelela kwezitekolo eziphumelelayo ezikuncedisa ukuphatha izindlela zokusebenzisa ngokwengeziwe. Abakhankatha bonke babalulekile sibona ukuthi kuzokhula ngaleli candzaba lapha ngokuthi abakhankatha abangasebenziyo bakhokha izindlela ezintsha. Bayizithenga kwezinye izinto ezisematheni yezokuhlola ukudlulisela amanzi kanye nezokwakha izindleke zokuphathwa ukuthola izindleke zokuhlola ukuthola izindleke zokuthakatha ngesikhathi sibheke ukunceda amanzi kanye nezinto ezingapheliweyo ezifakwa kuzilwane ezifelileyo.

Amatekonoloji Amanje Athi Esayithi EseMhlabuzini

Amafilimu ahlakaniphile athandwa ngokushesha abalimi kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika abafuna ukulawula izitshalo zabo kangcono. Lezi zembozo ezikhethekile zepulasitiki ziqukethe izici ezisiza ekulawuleni konke kusukela ekuvezweni yilanga kuya emazingeni okushisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Abalimi bathi izitshalo ziphilile lapho bezisebenzisa, ngoba amafilimu avimba imisebe ye-UV eyingozi kuyilapho evumela ukuba kungene ukukhanya okwanele okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe i - photosynthesis. Ezinye izifundo ziyakusekela lokhu, zibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuncishisiwe nezinkinga zezilokazane ezimbalwa. Uma sibheka phambili, sibona amabhizinisi amasha amaningi egxumela kule ndawo enezixazululo zokudala ezenziwe ngokukhethekile ezimweni zezulu nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukene. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kusalokhu kuhamba kancane kwezinye izifunda ngenxa yezindleko zokuqala, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezihlakaniphile ekugcineni ziyoba imishini ejwayelekile kunoma ubani obhekene namaqiniso mayelana nemikhuba yokulima esimeme nokwandisa isivuno ngaphandle kokulimaza inhlabathi esikhathini eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngubani amadabuko angakho ezahlola kanye nokuba ngaphezulu yini ukuthi kuhlula?

Amaphethelo emagriculturali amahle ngokuthi zikhululekile kakhulu ezindleni zokugquma ukuvamiswa imifuno yezilimi lokugcina umhlaba. Zihlobene ngenxa yobuciko bokuhlanganisa iziphelo zemifuno, uphawu olungabulawa, kunye nokususa udlula kwemoto.

Nginxamela ukuthi amaphethelo emagriculturali engavamiswanga ezi-UV zingabhekise imifuno ngeyihi?

Amaphethelo engavamiswanga ezi-UV zingenza isibhedlela esizenzekayo ukuphinda ukubuyiselwa kwezilimi lokugcina umhlaba kunye nokuhlala kakhulu kumifuno. Ukudluliswa kwindawo sikusho ukuthi lezo zinto zikwenza ukubonakala kakhulu komphelo wezilimi kunye nokuthola kakhulu.

Yintoni okufuneka ukuthi lo msebenzi wodiffusion ikhetse kumaphethelo emagriculturali?

Umsindo wodiffusion uhlanganisa ukuthi ilanga lalaziwe ngendaweni yokugcina umhlaba, uzame ukususa amashado kunye nezinye izinhlelo ezidinga ukukhulula, ukuba kuhloniphe ukusetyenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlala kunye nokuthola kakhulu.

Kuna amaphethelo emagriculturali omkhulu okanye othuthukiso?

Ewe, amaxesha okufakwa kwezinto ezibomvayo nokuthi i-nanotechnology zikhona ngezilimi zokugqibela lokulima, uzokusetyenziswa iziphumo zokungavumelekileyo ezizama ukusuka ngokubanzi kunye nokuthola amandla akhe apha ekwamanje njengokuhlala phakathi kwamaphandle nomthwalo.