Inhlanga Yokuqinisekiswa Ngokubuyela Mulch films

I-Polylactic Acid (PLA) kunye ne-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Izindlela Ezikhoyo

Ukuphela kwesicelo sokugcina emuva kwezifundo lezi zikabiyo lizindlela ezinamandla ngokubheka amathuluzi omkhulu ngePolylactic Acid (PLA) kunye nePolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) njengamadala othuthukiseyo. PLA kunye nePHA zikhishwe kwisezintsha zombili futhi zingabafuni ngaphandle komhlaba, lokhu kuvunyelwa ukuba abahlinzekile ngempumelelo yezilimo ngokushesha kakhulu phakathi kwezilimi ezithile ezinethile. Ngokuhlola, izifundo zePLA zingabafuni ngaphandle komhlaba emikhwenzeni yokuqinisekisa umhlaba ngeminyaka engu-60 ku-90, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusuka kwezilungelo zomphilo olwandleyo. PHA, ngokwesiphi, uzikhishwa ngokusebenziswa kweemikhenkene, ukuze libe lidalali elihlukaniswe lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa iimiswe yesibhedlela.

Amahlelo angaphezulu kwezifundo ezithile

Izifilimi zomulch ezibhedhekisekile zihlelwa amandla kakhulu ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelane ezithunyelwe, ngokuphinda ukubaluleka ukushintsha okukhaphazimpampathisi wemali yezimali eliphakathi lokuhlala, olungayisho langa lamanani 14 ngasinye ngezantsi. Lolu hlobo olungaphambili loluhlinzekela izinkomo zisusa ubuhle bezintuthuko ngokufakwa kwabo, uzama ukuhlala nokuncedisi phakathi komhlaba xa kulula, kunye neziphakatsi ezidingekayo ezinethunyelwe ezizikhona njengamanye amaxhobo aziphakathi ezincedise imhlaba. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwezi filimi zomulch ezibhedhekisekile zingabonisa ukusuka kweemvula ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphucula kokuhlola umthonyama ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukwenza ukukhula kakhulu kweentsha kunye nokuyenza umdlululo womphilo wezimali ekwandle.

Usethasha lwesiyathelo lweUSDA lokusebenzisa Izinhlangano Zobhedhekisekile

Umndeni wokufundzisa wesintuthuko sawoMlayithi (USDA) usetyenziswa ngokugcina ukulandelana nokuthuthukisa amaxesha esikhundleni sokuhlola iziphethuzelo zomulilo ezibhedhekisekileyo kumphakathi weziqalathiso zokuhlula. Izicatshulwa ezifundzwanga ngesinye singazama ukusho ukuba ukusetshenziswa kwamaxesha ezibhedhekisekileyo lokuhlula kungabangela ishumi nesibhenzimba emva kokuthiweyo ngazo ngemvume kunoma umhlaba oluhlu, ngokwesihlanu. Ukusethenziswa okanye kwezindlela ezinomsindo zizoba kuhlala ezingcinane nezilimi ezintsha ziyahlukene iR500 million ngemuva kokusebenza kwezi masiThathu, ukubonisa ukuthi le ndaba yaseMlayithi inceda ukuthiwe ukuphatha kwezinhlobo ezindwendwe kumphakathi wezinhlobo zokuhlula. Amaxesha amaningi akhetha ukuthiwe ukususa nokuthuthukisa.

Amatekonoloji Amanqanawa Okulandelwe Imibuzo

Ukucocrytalishe Izinhlobo Zokuthuthukisa Umlilo Wesibhidiso

Umbiko wokubuyela kwezincwadi zikhululekileyo usizo olumelwe ngenqanawe yokuhlola ukuthi amafutha akhutshelwa ngendlela eyahlukene phakathi komfula lokusebenza kunye nokuncedisi. Lwendlela engcwele enhlanganyeli ukuthi amafutha angayibonelele ngokupheleleyo nezinye izindaba zokugcina umndeni wezincwadi, uzokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezindlela ezifanele kusukela isikhatsi esidingiweyo. Izimbongi zithi ukuthi amandla amaphandle kwezincwadi ezinamandla azikhubazekayo ngokuphi le 30%, ukuze kuhlinzekelwe imali yoncamu. Ngokushesha, ukusetyenziswa okuhlukene kuhlatywa amandla amaphandle kwezincwadi, ubungakanani bokunquma ukuthi amandla akhule amaqembu ephambili, uzokususa ukusihlalakahle kwezilimi ezintsha.

Ukubafileka kwemvume kunye nokuhlangabezwa kokubuya

Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuhlala emfuleni ezifundekayo kuhluke iziphumo sasemhlabeni sokubonisa, okuningi lokusebenzela ukwenza imifanele yokuthi amacrop angaphansi akuyahlala ngokukhulu. Izibophezelo zithandaza ukuthi izindlela ezikhoyo eziyisetyenziselwano ezinamagriculture zizoba nge 25% phakathi kwesilondolozi sesikhathi sokugcina lamanzi lamacrop. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuzidinga kwezinto ezifundekayo ezihlala emfuleni kuhluke umnotho wesepH wesemhlabeni, ubungakanani obungakho lokusebenzela ukuguquka kwezantsi. Lomusho wesiphumo esemhlabeni sikuhloniphe ukwenqaniswa kokulima kunye nokuphucula kakhulu kwisebentley ezintshonalanga, ukuhlola ukuba lokhu kuhlanganise uphawu olunene lokulima.

Ukulandzelwa kwezinto Ezifundekayo neSafeti Sesikhathini

Ukugcina ukuthi amahambo angaphakathi kwezilungiselelo ezinethweni zokuhlala ngempumelelo yokuhlala ngenqanawe yomphilo yizindlu zokuphucula amahlaba. Ubandlayithi bafokusela kuhlanganisa amahlaba ahlawulene ukubaluleka ukususa iziphumo zophuhliso lamanzi ngokukhupha ukusuka kwezinye izindlu ezifanele. Ukusebenzisa amanqaku amadliwa kufanele ukwenzela ukuba kuhlola phakathi komphilo wemahla nokuzimela kwesintsi. Amaphi amazime le ndlela lokuhlola ukuba abantu bakho babandele amaqanda akhe kunye nezinhlelo ezidinga ukuthi umphilo wakho uhlale ngempumelelo.

Ngokushoza amahlaba angaphakathi kwezilungiselelo ezinethweni zokuhlala, sizohlala ukuyibuyisela isenzo sasendaweni futhi usenzo olunqamathile ngokubonisa indlela yokuhlala. Lolu hlobo lokuhlala lusenzela ukubuyisela ukuya emva kokuthi kulungileyo futhi kuhlonipheleleyo ukudla, ukubanjwa nokuthi kuhlanganiswa ngezikhatsi ezinethukeneyo ezinethukeneyo.

Amabhlenzana KaPolimeri Okungavimbeleni Enhlabeni

Amasiko esibuyiselwe kwezinye zindlela ezifanayo

Amasiko esibuyiselwe kwezinye zindlela azihleli ukuphakamisana kwisebenza lokuhlola kwezinhlobo zokugcina okusekisekisiweyo kwezilondolozi lemfundo. Ngokubhekisisa izipolimitha ezidingekileyo, amasiko akhetha iindlela zokuhlukelela njengesiyeqinisekisweni nokuvumela ukuhlala ngaphandle komthwalo wemvula. Lolu thuso lavela ngazo amafomu angaphambili kunye nezindlela ezizikhona ezindaweni ezimbili, ezincedise imigomo yokuthi amafomu ayiqhubekanga ngokukhulu kodwa afanele kakhulu ngendlela yezinto eziphathelene nema-agricultural, kufuneka bayenziwe imigomo yesikhashana. Ngokushesha, iziphatha ezintsha zikhethile ukubulawa kwezimpahla ezibuyiselwayo nezipolimitha ezitshonalanga, futhi uzama ukuthi amafomu asempumelelo akhetha ukuba kusenziwe ngokudingekileyo kunye nokuhlola kwezinhlobo.

Ukubuya kweLLDPE ngePolimitha Ezibuyiselwayo

Ukubhala i-Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) nge-polymeri ezibhedekile zihleli iziphumo eziqinileyo kwi-traitide zomulch films. Ukubhala lokunye lizothatha ukungaphumelele kwe-amavuthela wemanzini kunye ne-inthanethi yezilondolozi, uzokwenza amafilimi ezibhedekile zikhona okuncane nokuphelele ku-plastics ezintathu. Izimdlobi zase-lab zazithumela ukuthi amabhala amahhuku LLDPE-biodegradable azobonisa ukuhlawulela okanye ukuhlawula ngokwesiphi ngasinye kwe-filimi le-plastic elitshebele, uzokwenza kuhlu lenkinga lokuhlola ngokulandelakho kwi-agriculture.

Ukuhlawula Kwisiko LesiHluPhezulu

Ukuthetha kungabizwa ukuba amalendawo amakhulu amaphumelela umthani okukhangelwe ngemibuzwana yezilimi ezikhulu, apho amafayela ephakeme akavunyiswi. Le amafayela kuhlula khona ngokubhebhu emigcalemi nezinyezi, uzokususa okushesha ukusetyenziswa kwabantu abahlale ekudleni. Lokhu kuhluphekise ukuhlukaniswa komali nokuthola ukwenza uphawu lokusebenza olungena ngezinye izindawo zikamazulu. Abahlale ekudleni bengacazi ukuba babekho amandla kakhulu, uzokudinga ukuthi le amafayela enhancane kuyimfano yokuthuthukisa endaweni yeNgeduli.

Amahlukelelo Amagalendlu Apha Ngokwesiphumo

Umbuso Wesiyaphepha Womphakathi WaseAsia

Imililo yomulilo wokufundziswa kwezisele lemfundo lwesayensi luhlukekile ngaphandle kwemfutshane e-Aphrika-phakathi, okungavunyelwe ngaphezulu i-50% yokwakhiwa komlilo othe ngeSikhatsi sokuqala 2022. Ukuthi lokungavunyelwe kakhulu kunoma emhlabeni apho kukhethwe amandla akhe esayensi nokuhlola. Amagama amabili abantu ezisisekelweni e-Aphrika-phakathi zithintelela izindlela ezincinci ukuthatha imibono ebizodubuleka ukusukela kokuphathwa kwezimali nokuhlola ukuthi zihlabelele. Ngokuthi i-MarketsandMarkets, imililo yobizodubuleka yomulilo wokufundziswa kwezisele lemfundo lwesayensi lalimemezeka ngamahhula angahlula i-13.1% phakathi kweSikhatsi 2023 kwi-2028. Umemezo wokusukelela umnotho wesifundziso sokuthi emhlabeni wahlukekile ngaphandle kwemfutshane efanelekayo kuhlanganisa izidingo zokuthiweyo ngokuthiweyo nokuhlola ukufundziswa kwezisele lemfundo lwesayensi esibizodubuleka.

Amalawulo weGoverinmene Apho Abafundisi Izinsimu Ezibizodubuleka

Izicatshulwa zokugovera ziphakamise ukuthi ziphumelele kakhulu lokubhekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemibono yokuqala okuyisavini, ngokuphephile amateko aqinisekisi. Izigodi eziningi zethu zithathelile izimdabilo nemfumafumu yokuthatha ukuze kuhluke kulapho amateko echanekayo apho akhuse lapho azisebenza. Ukudibanisa iindlela zokuthi zikhupha umlomo olunene wemali lube ngenkinga elungileyo lokukhubaza ukusetshenziswa komibono yokuhlola lokusemva kokuthi ziqale izigidi zokuthi zihlabele ekwesintuthuko. Ngakho esikhwetalweni sawo saseNkululeko nokugcina Amalangeni, izilimi ezifanele nezidingo zokugovera zizoba ngokubanzi ukuthi zingabona ubungako bokuthi amateko achanekayo apho akhuse aluhlabeleka. Lento kufuneka libe ngokwesiphi ukuthi izicatshulwa zakugovera zaziphindzela ukuthi abantu bayahamba bayenziwe ngendlela eyahlukanise ukuthi babuye abasengama-agripharmaceuticals.

Inqwelo yesikhathi sokuhlola kakhulu kwiMimoya

Izindlu zokuhlola amagama adabuka kakhulu ezithetha ngeemibhalo yomlilo we-mulch ngokusetshenziswa kwezesiZothando esikhathini somncedo, njengoba IoT kunye ne-AI ukusukelwa kokuthola uphawu lweesilungisiwe kweesiXhumaneni. Izindlela eziqondile ngenkinga lokuvavanya nokuphatha lokusebenza kwegumbi lokugcina lokulandela izimali esilungisiweyo. Ukudinga kwekuthetha khetha ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemncedo yesikoleni sokuhlola kuhlela ukwakhiwa komgci wokuhlala kwezinkomo ngamahlanu usuku, futhi ukungena lokulandela izimali ezintsha ze-mulch. Ukubuyisa phakathi konkesi kunye nokulandela amaxesha engcono yokugcina kunye nokuhlola kuhlela umculo okanyeleyo kunye nokulandela amaxesha engcono.

Ukuphakamisana Ngesinye Sonke Siphambili

Ukuphuma Amaphashi Amanezithunywa Ngokufundiswa

Ukugcina kwiqheleni lemfomu yokuhlala ngokuyiqheliseka uya kuhlela isibindi sokuthola ukusuka kwesilondolozi sesiplasitiki esikoleni, ngenqubo akhaliphe zikhono ezidinga ukubonisa uphawu phakathi kwezinye ezi-90%. Lolu hlobo lokuhlula kuhlanganisa izindaba zakwesilondolozi kwaye kunyathelisa amaxhobo asekhaya ngokungavunyiswa imifomu yesilondolozi emizimeni nokulandela amaxhobo okanye. Izicelo zokusasa zihamba ngokupheleleyo kuya kuqhathanisa ukusukela iisilondolozi ezinethile esikoleni, uzama ukuthatha amaqheleni angahlala ngokuyiqheliseka. Amahambo amaningi angenziwa ngokubonisa ukuthi amaqheleni angahlala ngokuyiqheliseka ayigcinwa ngokumangalisayo ngokuthi bafundekile abantu bakusebenzela imithombo yokuhlala ngokulandelana.

Iingxenye zoKhuthazela Ukusetyenziswa kweQheleni Lokuhlala ngokuyiqheliseka

Ngakho esiqinisekileyo ukuphumelela amandla, ukusukelwa kwezinhlobo ezihlabeleka zihlezi izigaba eziqshini, ukuhlawulwa lokuncedisiwe ngamaluzi okunye nezinye zeziqhuthu zezombili. Amakhosi wezindawo ezikhona bezaziqinisekisa iziphumo zokuhlola ngenqanawe ngezinhlobo ezihlabeleka ezizibuyiswe nokubuyiselwa, okungavunyelwe yokugcina ukusebenza phakathi kwabantu. Ukufinyelela iziphumo zakho nokuhlawula amaxwebhu apha, ubuciko bendawo endaweni yokugcina nobuciko bokuxoxa phakathi komthethosisekelo nokulayezela kwezindawo ezikhona. Ukuba kuhluleke imvume kunye nokwenzela ukubonisa iindlela ezifanele yokuqaphepha kumaziphi emagcinisweni ayithathe inani lokuhlala.

Umbono Wemvula Omtsha: Amanxovamano Okushesha Ngesolawu nokubuyiswa Ngenqanawe

Izindlela ezintsha kwi- mulch films bavathelwa ngokusebenzisa amafilimu okulandelana ngesithelo sasolalayenti esizenzela izinto zakhe ngokuphakamiswa kwehlathi, ukugcina umgca wokubuya kwezincwadi ezinethweni. Ngaphandle kulowo, amapoliyimeri asebenzayo aphoqelekile ayikhotheliwa ukususa kwiindlela ezikhona ukususa zabo ngokukhombisa amaninzi angaphansi kunye nokuhlola lokunemibuzo emingene yezinye ilimi. Amakhethi wephrojekhi amancane akhalipha isiphumo sokuthi kukho usizo olungakho lomusho lwesikhatsi esidingeni, elandelayo ngokulandela imigomo yamapherenti ngezirhabhewuli zokudibanisa. Izimvumojisi eziphumaphumelela zihamba ukuthi zabeluleka ukulinganisa iindleko nezinhlobo zokubuya kwezincwadi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini amafilimu afilimi abhodijabulo?

Amafilimi afilimi abhodijabulo niimeko yenkabi eyayingeniswa ngokubonakalisi kuhlukenhlaba ukuthola ukubuyiselwa. Bayadabuka ngokubanzi kwaye babuyekeza indlela yokuthi ikhona ngokubuyiselela ukuba amacala amahhhe angenziwe.

Ukuthi ngaphi ukuthi amafilimu afilimi aPLA kunye nePHA ifanele kweplastiki ezindala?

Amaphutha okuvamile nePHF amahhula kwezinto eziqondisiwe kuyo ezikhethekileyo, ngakwesono zonke iplastiki yethu elandelayo ezifundekayo uhlalo lokulandelana ngephakathi.

Ngubani amanqaku akhoyo kwezinto ezinikezeli amafuthi?

Izinto ezinikezeli amafuthi ezinikezeli amanqaku kuhlukele umoya wemibuzo, uhlangene ukusetyenziswa kwemibuzo emncane, kunye nokuhlola ukuphatha kwezihlangothi eziphumulekileyo ngokushintsha amafuthi ngokugcineneyo.

Yingaphezulu izidingo zomunye umkhosi wezinto ezibhedhekileyo?

Umkhosi wazinto ezibhedhekileyo uzidinga amandla okubhothwa njengalokushaywa lokusebenza kunye nokuhlakaniphiso olumelwe kakhulu lama-usesi, lokuhlola uphelo lwangokubizo.