Izici Ezifundamental Zokubhala Isilaj Esibonakalayo

Ukhuselo Ongaphandle Kwamandla Namafutha

Izilimelwane eziyisilase zisebenza njengesikwele esinamandla ngokulandelana ne-oksijeni nezulu, okuqukethwe kakhulu ukugcina izinhlelo zokubona ezikhona kuzilase. Lapho lo silimelwane akuvikeli amandla nezulu ukungena kusilase, kunciphisa izindleko zokubonakala. Izinhlangano ezithile zibonisa ngokubonile ukuthi izindleko zingakhuphuka nge-20% noma ngaphezulu ngokuvikela ngendlela enempeleni. Okukwenza silimelwane sebenze kahle kungukuthi kubonakala kweyiphi into iyakhiwa ngayo. Izinketho eziphakeme zisematheni zokuba nezinto eziningi ezifakwe ngaphakathi, okuwenza ukuthi kubekwe kahle. Le ndawo ephakeme iyagcina silase isheshi kude kube lula ngalokho amathunzi agcine ukuthola konke okudingekayo ngaphandle kokucindezwa.

Ukwehluleka Kwe-UV Ekugcinweni Phandle

Ukuletha ukwanelwa kwezulu le-UV kuyindlela encane kakhulu yezilimi zokugcina izililo evela ngaphandle. Uma kungena lezi zinto eziqinisekisayo ze-UV, izilimi eziningi ziqala ukuphahla kakhulu uma zithola umoya, okuqondile kuyindlela izililo zazokugcinwa kanjani. Izivivinyo ezimbala ukuthi lezi zilimi ozingenayo zokugcina izulu ziyakwenzela ngokuphelele kwezinyanga ezilishumi noma ngokuncane uma zenza izinyathelo zokuphahla. Abafarm ayafuna ukucinga ngokugcwele ukuthola izilimi ezinikeza ukuphepha kwezulu kungaba bafuna ukuthi izililo zazokugcinwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokugcina. Uma ilimi iyakwenzela, izililo iyakwenzela futhi iyagcina amandla wokunhlalala wazo wonke ngonyaka abantu bakudla ngazo ngokuphelele.

Imithwalo Yokuphazamisa Ipungu

Imifilimu yesilage kudinga ukwehhliswa ngokuhambisana nazo ukuze asitshabi lapho kusebenzwa noma lapho kubonwa kumakoti amaphepha. Imifilimu ephephile ihlanganisa nezinhloso ezinhle zokuthi ziwelwe kanjani ukwehhliswa, oku kunceda ukuthi isilage ibe yisimo sakhi siphelile kumagazini. Kukhona imibuzo emijwayelekile njenge-ASTMD 1709 esibala kanjani emifilimweni ukuthi ziwelwe ukwehhliswa. Abafarm ayakhuwa imifilimu enobukhulu obuningi bokuthi ziwelwe ukwehhliswa bayaqina amaphutha amaningi esibonelo sokwehliswa kwehlisa amathuba okuthi isilage asiphoqele. Lokhu kunceda ukuthi abafarm bakhumbule ukuthi isilage sibe yisimo esifisayo ngeminyaka yonke ngaphandle kokuphikiswa ngokwehlukile.

Ukubona Ukusebenzisa I-Silage Film

Umvimbo Omuhle Wemanzini Esiyane Nezilimo

Kulungiselela ukuba kukhona ukwenzelwe kwegciyeli kumakoti kuyindlela ebalulekile ukuba sifuna ukugcinwa kwemakoti ngokuhle, futhi abakhulisi abaningi bahlala bafuna ukuba kube phakathi kwe-40 fela kuya kwe-60 phesenti. Kudingeka ukuba usebenze phakathi kuleli xesho lapho kudingeka ngisho ngeziciyeli kungcinwa kahow kusebenza kwe-fermentation futhi na kungaba nokunyuka kwamaphoyisa. Xa kukhona ukwenzelwe kwegciyeli ngaphezulu, umqondo wonke we-fermentation uphazamiseka futhi ukugcinwa kweziciyeli kungaba yinkinga enkulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi imakoti ingcine ukuba yilapho amandla wokubhantsha. Ngaleso sikhathi ke abakhulisi abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi bakhuthaze amathola ezigcinwa kwegciyeli ukuze bavale iziciyeli babo kabefore ukuba bawrapiwe. Lezi ziciyeli zisiza ukuthi kugcinwe kwezimo eziyofanele ukuze imakoti igcine kakhulu yilapho kugcinwa khona ngaphandle kokuba into engalokile ukuthi abakhulisi bayaqaphela ukuthi bawelisile amakhudlwa.

Izinga elingenhla le-Bale

Ukuthola ubukhulu bokugcina obulungileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza kwesilasi futhi ukugcinwa ngeminyaka eminingi. Abafarm khulu kakhulu bahlala bafuna amathiselwe kwezindzima ezingu-14 kuya kuma-18 phesenti kwezindzima zokugcina kwezibhale. Xa izibhali ziyafikela kuleyo nqamle, zicubungela umhlahlandlela osebenza ngakho kwezilasi. Ukungena kwe-oksijeni kuvikela ukugcwala futhi kuvikele ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlelo. Okuqukethwe yindlela kakhulu yilokho ukuthi ubukhulu obufanayo ngemva kwesikhathi soqo lwe-baling obuyindlela. Izibhali efanayo zilungisa izilasi ngokunye, lokho kusho ukuthi izilasi zibe nezinhlelo ngokungafani. Abafarmi abasebenzisa ubukhulu obufanayo bahlala bafuna ukuthi kube lula ukuvikela ukungena kwezimiloli futhi kungena kwezinhlelo.

Imibuzo yokujongela izixhobo

Ukugcina imachini yokuphosha ngendlela encane ngokuphathwa kahle kuhlela kusebenza ngendlela echanekile lapho kusetshenziswa ifilimu yomhlaba. Ukulandelela okuhle kufanele kube ngokuphumelela kuwo wonke amaqhinga wemachini, ngakho ke amaroleri nezinhlelo zokuxhumana okuqala ukulahla. Amakhuku amancane noma izindawo ezilahlekile kungakhala ukuba yinkinga enkulu esizweni lapho kungase kubonakali ngokucacile. Lapho abasebenzisi emachini bathemba kuhlela okuhle kokuqala, bakhona lezi zinkinga encane ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga enkulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubabe khona izikhathi zokulahla kanye ne-sebenzwa ngakumbi yemachini lapho kusebenzwa imisebenzi yokuphosha. Abafarmi lapho baphepha le ndlela bafuna ukuthi imachini yabo iyashiyela ngemva kwabanye abo lapho bethemba ukuthi kudinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuthi kube yinkinga.

Imithwadi yokusebenzisa ikhowodwa yekhanda

Ukufumana ukugcinwa kwekhanda ngokumangazwe

Ukuthola ukungcola okuphakade kakhulu xa usebenzisa umbane wokubhala kwenza wonke umehluko wezimpendulo ezifanele. Xa umbane ubhinye ngokuphakade, uhlala esebenza ngaleli bale ngaphandle kokuphupha, kepha sithole futhi ukuthula okukhona ukuze akithinte phansi ngokusebenza kahle. Ngokwesikhalo, ukulanda kakhulu kuyenza umbane uphinte kabonke, okuphoyisa konke okubhinyekile. Ukuze akubhinyeki kakhulu kuyenza imiphoyintfo futhi ngenxa yokuthi umbane omkhulu uphaphazelela kakhulu futhi uphumelela ukungcola. Bona bonke abafarmi bafuna ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kusebenza kahle xa kuvulelwa. Zama izimo ezahlukene futhi uthole ukuthi yini esebenza ngokwakho noma yiliphi umbane ongisebenzisa. Abanye kudinga ukubhinyela ngokugcwele kakhulu kulingana nezimo zasemkhathini futhi nezidingo zokugcina.

indonga Ezingama-50% Yendlela Yokufaka

Ukuhlukumeza ngokuphakathi kwezinye izici kuhlela ukuthi umkhawulo ngamunye udlule kancane kancane kuleyo esemukelweni, ukwenza isigaba esihle esikhathwa kakhulu ukungena kwezulu. Imibono yemijolo ikhombisa ukuthi le tekniki iyasingela kakhulu ukuphepha, ukwenza ukuthi kuncane kakhulu izulu lezulu liyodlula ngenhlamvu futhi libeke isilage kahle. Abafarmi abathintana le nto babona iziphumo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwemali yabo egcineni. Isilage ibe yisidlale kude kude futhi ibe nezinhlelo eziningi zokudla ngokusho sesikhatsi esidliwe ngaphandle kokuhlukumeza ngendlela efanele. Abanye abantu bayayibonga ngokuthi yinkimbinkimbi emafulweni eminyakeni yokuthenga futhi yokuthenga kwezweni.

Kukuvunyelwe 55-70% Stretch Ratios

Ukuze kuthole amaphetho alungile xa kubekwa amabhale, abasebenzisa beqinisekisa ukuthi bathole ubude obukwabiwe phakathi kwe-55 fela kanye ne-70%. Uma bathola ngaphandle kwalokho, kube khona amaphutha athi plastic ikhutsa noma amasele aphansi angavumeli ukungena kwamagazi, oku akhishwa isithembiso sokuthiwa plastic kwezilimo. Amaphlastic angahamba ngendlela eyodwa xa athathwa ngemiphapha, ngakho-ke ukwazi izici zazo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukuthiwa kube yimali. Abafarm ayadinga ukuthola ukuthi yeyiphi indlela iyafanele kuyo yabo, ukuthi ubude obukwabiwe buhlangane nehhafilm abasebenzisa kanye nezinhlelo ezitholakale. Uma kube yimali le ndlela, plastic ijayelekile fela ayikho ukuthiwa kuthathwa amaphetho ngokungahle.

Imithwalo Efanayo Yokubhanda

Ukuphatha ngendlela efanayo yindlela yokuvumela ukugcinwa kahle kwezilage ngefilimu, okuyindlela esebenza ukugcinwa kahle. Uma ukuphatha akwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, izikhala zayizokutholakala apho amanzi neyodwa zingasuka ngaphandle, futhi lokhu kuyayisula okuthanda ukugcinwa. Uyathanda ukuthi uqonde kahle kule ndlela? Qalela ukuphatha kwezibhale ezifiswe ngeke zibe yisicelo. Abanye abantu bafunde ukuthi ukuphatha kwabo kuyayifanisa ngemva kokuthi baphule izibhalele zokuthenga, futhi lokhu kuyayithuthela ngqo ekugcineni kwezilage kahle ngokwehla.

Imithwalo Yekuxhuma Nezulu

Lapho beba ukubeka ifilimu yasilinga, abafowethu kufanele bakhumbule izinkinga eziphezulu: izulu elikhishisa amagobe futhi ukudla kwenza ukuthi ifilimu isetile kakhulu kubale. Izulu ephakeme kuzoze kubeke ifilimu ngokuphelele, kubeka amathela esibonelo esikhundleni. Futhi uma kukhona ukungcola noma umvubu ovela phakathi kwamagobe, ifilimu azokugcina ngendlela engcono, okungathi kuyilinga esitsha emuva kwamanje. Ngakho ke abafowethu abaningi bethemba ukuya ku-12:00 kamanye lapho amagobe adrya ngemuva kwehlati yemini. Ukubeka ifilimu lapho amagobe adrya kuyindlela esibalweni ukuthi silinga isetile kahle. Inkohliso encane mayelana noma lizime lapho kubekwa ifilimu iyenza ukuthi amabale asalela kahle ngithi yezulu lezindlela.

Ukuhlolwa nokulungisa emva kokusebenzisa

Ukuthola iindlela zokugcina

Uma kube silage yavelwe, ukubheka ngokugcwele iplastic ngokuholela noma izindlela esikhundleni kwenza ukuchanya okuphakade ekugcineni kweqile kwezithelo. Izinkinga eziningi zakhona ukubonakala kuzansi nasekanceni lapho ifilim ayengeziwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokuxhuma kuye, ukwenza ukubhekwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvulwa futsi futhi kabusho ngeke kube yilapho kakhulu kancaneza izindlela ezikhona esikholekileyo. Le zinkinga ezincane zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba noma yiliphi usayizi oluncane ungene kweyohlela amagugu, oku kuvula indawo yokuthiwa kwesibonelo. Ngokuholela kakhulu kwezinkinga ngokushesha, kube yilapho kancaneza izindlela ezikhona esikholekileyo. Le zinkinga ezincane zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba noma yiliphi usayizi oluncane ungene kweyohlela amagugu, oku kuvula indawo yokuthiwa kwesibonelo.

Iindlela Esebenzayo Zokulokotha Amakhole

Ukuthi ukuhlela le pungqo ngokushesha ngezicwangciso eziphambene zokulungisa kakhulu ukuvula ukuvalela kwezilage. Abafarm yezenza ukusebenzisa izicwangciso eziphambene noma izindlela zokugcina ngokunxande ukugcina amakhole. Xa ukhetha okusebenza ngakho kakhulu, kubaluleke kungakanani indawo apho amakhole ayindlela kanye nokubobeke. Amakhole amancane aphakathi kwekati kudinga ukulungisa okuhlukile kumakhole amakhulu emaphakathi. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokukhetha indlela enempiyo kunceda ukuvalela kwezilage kube yisicelo futhi isebenze ngendlela echanekile. Yini eyiphumayo? I-silage ivela ngemva kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kungenapheliwe amandla okuvalela, oku kusho ukuthi ubungqina obuhle bokudla kwezilwane ngemva kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlola Imithwalo Yokupheka Aerobic

Kulandelwa kahle imithwalo leso silage yekile kuyindlela yokugcina ubungako bokudla. Izinto njengezibonelo ezingcono, izinhlayo ezingcono, noma izinto eziqinile kuzo kuyindlela yokubhala isihlahla. Ukulondoloza ngokohlelwa kwezokugcinwa kwenza uhlu oluphakade. Xa kubonakala le milawo, inqubo yokulandelwa kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha b4 kungapheliwe. Ngokulandelwa imithwalo kuqala, silage sikhona sibeke kakhulu, lokhu kuyindlela yokunciphisa izindleko noma ukuthola okungaphezulu kwezinto ezifakwe khona ngokuqala. Ukuxazulwa kubonisa ukuthi le ndlela yokulandelwa yilendlela yokunciphisa izindleko noma ukugcina ubungako bokudla.

Izimo Zokugcinwa Ezifanele Ekupakelweni Kwemibhobho

Izinhlelo Yokulayisha Ukuvulekile

Ukuba uyindlela yokulayisha ngokufanele kwenza uhlu oluningi ngokuholela kweyohlu kuzo zibale ephakathi, okungavuki ukuthi kwenze ukuphakama kakhulu kaphakathi. Ukuba yohlu kahle kungenza izibale udlule ngokwehlile futhi ukunciphisa izinkinga zokupaka ngaphambi kokuthi zisgone. Abafarmi bathola ukuthi ukuthintana ngendlela abalayishayo izibale zenza izinkomba ezinhle ngokuholela kweyohlu kuzo. Izindlela zilandelayo zekhombisa ngokuphindwe futhi ukuthi ukuphatha yohlu ngendlela efanele ayikhosi kuphela izindleko ezivela kumaphethini aphakathi kodwa unake ukuthi isilase ikhona ngokulungile. Xa izibale zilayishwe ngendlela yokuthi yohlu entsha ingakuyi, izimo ezinembile zilondlela kakhulu kuzo lokho kugcinwe, ukunikeza amathonsi okulima ukuthi abathole ukudingekile ngaphandle kokuthothwa.

Ukuvikeleka Kwesibaya Sokudlala

Ukubangela umhlaba ngaphambi kokubekela amabale kuyindlela enkulu yokuvikela. Lapho isihlo ngu-compact futhi angeke kunezindleke noma umthuma, kungcono kakhulu ukuthi kungabiwe amabale. Imicabango yonke ithi ukuthi ukubangela kungcono kuvikela amabale ukuthi kungabiwe ngokwengeza kwezimali. Abafarmi banele ukusebenzisa izindawo ezipile noma ezigcwele ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthi zingahlala ziyadry, okuvikela ukuthi kungabiwe ngokwengeza kwezimali. Lezi zindawo ziyisemathisweni kakhulu kuzindleko ezinde.

Imithwalo yokuvikela izilwane ezincane nezinkawu

Ukuvikela ama-balles agqokwayo ezincelisweni nasezinyoni kudinga izindlela ezinhle zokulawula izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile abalimi bathembela ezigodweni, ezincekwini ezinobuthi noma ezenzini zomsindo ukuze bagweme lezi zilwane. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amagundane namagundane abangela izinkinga ezinkulu ekugcinweni kwe-silage, ngokuvamile adla amapulasitiki futhi angcolise ukudla ngamathumba anciphisa inani lawo lokudla okunomsoco. Ukuqapha imisebenzi ezungeze izindawo zokugcina izilwane kubalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuphumelela lokulawula izinambuzane. Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokungenela kusenesikhathi kusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu. Izinga le-silage lihlala lihle phakathi nesikhathi sokugcinwa lapho abalimi beqaphile lapho bebona izimpawu zokungena kwezilwane futhi bethatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Ukulungisa Iziphene Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenzisa

Izisombululo Zokuvikela Ukuchitha Kwesilimame

Ukuphupha kwezifilim ngemva kokusebenzisa kungavivinywa lapho abasebenzi bazi ukuthi kanjani okumele bakhuphe nezisebenzise amathimba. Iindlela ezinhle zikweza ukuphupha kwezifilim futhi kwenza ukuthi iphatheni yokuvela ikhululeke. Kumaqo amabi lapho kunezinto eziphakeme, ukukhetha izifilim ezinhle ezingavivinywa zikunye ukuvumela konke. Sibonile lokhu kusebenza kahle kumaqo athuthukisayo. Izisession zokuphucuka kwezimpilo kudinga futhi. Lapho izisebenzeli bazi ukuthi baya kusebenza kanjani ngale ntsuku yokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuzoziphupha. Okuphucukeni akuyona kuphela ukuthi kudinga ukuthwasa futhi kumele kube nezisebenziso eziqondile nezimathimba. Izinhleli ezingena ngemhla ekuphucukeni amagama abo abasebenzisa kubona ukuthi kwekela amabale amaphezulu nezokuthola amakheloni ngokwehla.

Ukushiyelwa Kwamandla Wokugcina

Lapho imifilimu ayayihlanganisi kakade lapho kusebenziswa, leyo qondile iphoxa ekugcineni komlambamiso. Sengathi yonke le nto ikhishwa ngokuthi ukuphawuza akuyi botshelwa kanjalo noma kukhona amandla amaningi. Kukhona ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemifico lapho kuthathwa isikhundla ukuthi kubhekwe. Abafarmi kufanele bacheke ukuphawuza kwabo ngokuvamile bese ubeke ukuthi kusebenzwa endaweni ehlehlile. Kukhona imifilimu ethile eyazikela amandla okwenzelwe ngempela kusebenza ngempela lapho izimo ziphumelelwa, kubeka ukuphawuza phakade lapho kube nezimo eziphakeme. Ukulandelana nezinye zokuthi zonke lezi zinto ziyakwenza ukuthi inkolelo iyisemathikashe kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni kuthulela ukwehluleka komlambamiso okungafanele kubekwe ngenxa yalo.

Imigomo yokubekisa iqembu elixazulwayo

Izimo ziyindlela efanayo xa kusebenzisa izimoto zokubekwa kwezilage, ngoba izimo ezimbi zahleli ukubekwa kwemisebenzi yedlulwana. Ukuqala kwezimo ezinemva kwezinyanga ziyindlela ethuthukisa amathuba wethu yokwakhiwa. Ukuhlala nokutholwa kwezinkinga kusikhwama kakhulu, ngoba izulu elinemva noma ukubuya kwezinyanga kungavimba izinkomba ngenyanga. Abafarmi abathakatha le ndawo ethakatha izinto efanayo zokubekwa kwezilage kungcono kakhulu. I-silage iyahlala epholile ngokude kanye nokwenza kwemisebenzi yonke iyindlela ethuthukisa xa sithatha ikhlima lelilodwa esebenza ngalo kakhulu ngendlela engafani nayo. Ukuqonda kuka phansi kuthiwa le nto iyindlela ethuthukisa kakhulu ubungo nobungo bokudla xa kufika izinyanga zemvula.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yini indima yokugcina okugcineni kwezifanekiso zokugcina amathimba?

Ukugcina okugcineni kwezifanekiso zokugcina amathimba kuyimfihlakalo kakhulu ukungena kwe-oksijeni nezulu kumathimba, lokhu kusiza ukugcina ubungozi bazo kanye nokwekhumela ukugcina amathimba.

Yini okuthola ngokuthungeleka kwe-UV kusiza izifanekiso zokugcina amathimba ezulwini?

Ukungena kwe-UV kusinxa ukuthi ifilimu yekhoboshi ayiphoyile ngokushesha ngemvula yaseNkosi, kubuyiselwa ubumfihlakalo bekhoboshi ngama-10-12 uvuku ngaphandle kokupheliswa okukhulu.

Kungani ukungena kwamapulungu kubaluleke kakhulu kufilimu zekhoboshi?

Ukungena kwamapulungu kunciphisa ukwehliswa ngenkathi kusebenzwa nokugcinwa, kubuyiselwa ubumfihlakalo bekhoboshi futhi kungena kwebilisi bengqimba lapho kwenziwa ukwehliswa komnotho.

Yini leli ngcamango malunga neyodwa esiyanele ekugcineni khoboshi?

Ukuze kube nemiphumela emininzi yokugcina futhi ukumenya khoboshi, lempilo kufanele ibe nenhlala engeye phakathi kwe-40-60%.

Unjani ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukubhanda kufilimu yekhoboshi kwenziwe ngendlela efanele?

Ukuze ubhande khoboshi ngendlela efanele, qiniseka ukuthi ufike amathensioni athile kufilimu, sebenzisa isantya sokubhangela kabili, balule ukuthi izindikimba zibe yidingxile, futhi evike inqamleza engavumelekile lapho kusebenzisa.