IBHULOGI

Ukwalisa kamanzi kudinga izixhobo ezintsha ukugcina indiza yezilwane ngelinye ilapho isebenza inani elikhulu lezempilo yayo ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ifilimu ephakeme yesilage yayisenzelwa njengenye indawo ebalulekileyo emisebenzini yokuzalisa kumntla wonke, ekunika amadoda olwandle ukuphepha okuthembekileyo kwemali abayenzela kwindiza yezilwane. Le teknoloji eyaphinde aphinde efakwa kwi-plastic ibala umzimba ongasentso obungavukeli futhi ubamba izinto ezibalulekile zempilo ezingadingeka izilwane ukuze bube nobuhlobo obuhle nokusebenza kahle. Izinkampani zokuzalisa ziyaqiniseka ngokuba ifilimu esihle sesilage sibangela umda wabo ngokuthatha isilinganiso sendiza, kuthuthuka ukusebenza kwezilwane, nokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwezinkampani.

Ukuziqonda Teknoloji Nezobuchwepheshe Befilimu Yasilage

Advanced Material Engineering

Ifilimu ephezulu yokugcina izindiza isebenzisa izilinganiso ezinhle zezinhlayiya ezenziwe ngokuthuthukile ukugcina izinto zasezindaweni. Lezi zinhlayiya njalo zihlangana ne- linear low-density polyethylene nabezinhlelo eziphathelene okwenzela ukuthuthukwano kwezivimba nokuzimisela kwegunya. Isakhiwo se-molecular yesibili esihle sifilimu yokugcina izindiza sihlinza ukungena kwesikhwama ngaphandle kokubamba ubunzima phakathi kwezinkinga ezahlukene. Abayenzayo bayenzela le filimu ngokuhlanjulwa kwebude eliqinile ukulungiselela ukungahlinzeki komkhuba ngokuvamile phakathi kwezindiza ezingavamile.

Umbiko wokugcinwa kwegesi yesilinganiso sikasherenu sephakamile kufaka phakathi izikhuthazo ze-ultraviolet ezivikela ukulahlekelwa ngaphandle kwezulu ngexesha lokugcina phandle. Lezi zikhuthazo ziyeza ubude bebusika bezifundo baphakade xa zibizwa ngeminyaka engaphezulu yokubeka kwimvula. Ngaphezu koko, iifomulayithi eziphakade zifaka kwiingcinga ezingavimba okuqhuba ngendlela efudumeleyo ukusebenzisa nokulayisha emasimini. Ubungakanani be-molecular weight phakathi kwegesi likanye ngqo nokuthi yintoni ifundi ingayigweba futhi ibophephe ngaphandle kokulahleka kwayo amandla avikela.

Amathuba Avikela kunye Nokuphumelela Kwamagasi

Ukusebenza okukhulu kwezivimba kuyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe obuhle befilimu yekaphutha lokugcina ubungako bekaphutha. Amafilimu amahasha ahlinzekela izilinganiso ezincane kakhulu zokudluliswa kwe-oksijini, njengoba ngaphakathi kwezintshiwo ezingaphezu kwe-50 zemitha kabili ngosuku phakathi kwemizigo ethile. Lokhu kukhuni okuncane kokugunyazwa kwegesi kwenza umphondo wase-anerobic owadingeka ukwenza izenzo zokumetha. Ukusebenza kwezivimba kuxhumanisa ngqo nokuthi kanjani ifilimu iyakhiqiza imiphumela yemvula engadingeka ukugcina izintlhu.

Izilingo lemvuzo wamanzi kufudukwini wesilage kakhulu kubalulekile ukugcina amandla amabi kubilingi abekhakhaneni. Ukuphazinywa kakhulu kwenza ukuthi izici zokudla kutholakale kakhulu, ngelisho elinye ukungena kwebhlowo kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwebhlowo. I-film yesilage ephakeme ichaza izici zobomi bezamandla amabi ukukhokha amanzi okungcono, njalo kuchazela amandla amabi amabi okugcina amandla amabi. Izici zobomi bezamandla amabi zechaza ukuthuthukisa okuphathelene ngokuphathelene ngokuphathelene.

Izindlela Zokulondoloza Izici Zokudla

Umsebenzi Wokuthuthukisa Anaerobic

Indlela ekuyikeyi kuphela esifakazeni isilinganiso sokugcina kakhulu kungcoliselwa ngayo kungcolisa izimo ezingenamoyimoya ezivikela ukuthutha okuphumelelayo kwegasi likalasitiki. Uma isifakazane sisebenzisa ngempela, sikhulula umoya wesifazane owenzayo ukuthutha kwesifazane nokwehluka kwenza. Leli gumbi lokukhulula umoya kuvumela i-bacteria egcinwe ngokwalandelwa kwegasi likalasitiki ukuguqula izithelo zomthundo kuze kube yizinhloso ezigcinwa ngazo izinto ezibonakala kufudla. Ukuncipha kwe-pH okutholakelela ku-4.0 kwenza izimo ezingavunyelani ne-microorganism engalungile ngelokhu kuzinzela ubomi bwe-protein.

Ukulungiselela kwezinkimbini kumakhambi aphakathi akhombisa ngokubanzi impikiswano yesiphingo nokugcinwa kwegunya kuzinzulu. Ifilimu esihlakaniphile yekheshega isenza izindlela zokulungiselela kwezinkimbini ezingazange zidlule futhi zingakhathazeki izenzo ze-bacteria eziphathelene noma zingenze ukuthutha kwemipu engifanelekileyo. Iziphawu zesitshixo sefilimu zizondla izimo ezithile ekugcwaleni okusame kakhulu kwayo kuye kube khona izimo eziphakeme ezingahleli. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kwezinkimbini kubalulekile kakhulu kwesikhathi sokucola lapho isiphumo sesayithi singaphepha imiphumela emandleni ngokudala.

Ukugcina Kwe-Protheine Nokuphepha

Ukuchithwa kwe-protheine kuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu kwegunya elishintshwa phakade kufodla olungcolile, kepha kusemthethweni wokusebenzisa ifilimu yokukhesha kuhle kungaba yinkinga enkulu yokugcina igunya lokudonsa. Amaphrothini amuhle ayamukela ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya eziyamuka izinhlayiya zezigaba eziphazanyiswa ngexesha lokugcina. Isimo esingasemva sokulunga okwakhiwe yifilimu efanelekileyo ifilimi leSilage ukusebenzisa kungcise izibacteriya ezidla iphrothini ngemuva kokugcina ubume bomphakathi wezithelo. Lokhu kugcina kugcina indawo yezinhlelo zezinhlelo eziyisisekelo yokuthutha kwamanzi namabhala,

Ukugcina kwebala libala kubandakanya i-fodder ikhuluma ngokuphelele ekungeziwe kwebala le-oxidative eyonaqwa amakhadihayethri thethula nendiza. I-Silage film eqembu elihle lingcine i-volatile fatty acids nezinye izinto eziphathelene nokunakekelwa kwefomu. Izigaba sefilimu zingcina ukunikezela kwezicuba ezitholakala ngokushesha kuzindlela zokudla kumalusi. Ngaphezu koko, ukubeka ngemphefumulo kugcina umphakathi wamaphakathi okwesekela umsebenti omuhle wokudla kumalusi.

Izibonakaliso Zobubi Namaqoshelo Ebophephile

Izinkundla Zokusebenza Kwempahla

Ukukhombisa kwebala lengqikithi kusinika izinkcazelo ezibalulekile zezibango zomlilo futhi kuzisusa kakhulu ekugcineni izigaba zokuphila kusuku lwesikhathi sokugcina. Iziphambo ezihle zihlukile zibonisa ukukhombisa kwebala lengqikithi okungaphezu kuka-20 megapascals ngokomlando kanye ngokuphambene, ukuze kugcinwe ubuchopho kanye nokulahlekelwa kusuku lwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye sokugcina. Kufanele ukukhombisa kwebala kugcwalise ukulahlekelwa kwezimali ngokulahlekelwa kwezimali ngokulahlekelwa kwezimali ngokulahlekelwa kwezimali. Lezi zimodi zomthwalo zihlukile ziyathinta ngokwengeziwe kwezibango ekugcineni kwezivumelwano ezivuthiwe kumazwe amadliwane.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga kubonisa indawo yombatha ukuthi kufanele kube khona ukukhathazeka kumzimba njengezinkunzi, izindanda, noma izixhobo ngaphandle kokulahleka kwebarrieri. Umbatha omuhle wesisini uphinde kube nezinkinga eziphezulu kuneminimum yokuvikela futhi unikeze ubunjingili obudingayo ekusebenzeni kahle. Isivivinyo se-dart drop impact sibala ngqo inani labarrieri lokukhathazeka kumahluko aphazanywayo okutholakala phakathi kokuhandlela nokugcina. Ukukhathazeka kakhulu kusinxa ukugcinwa kwangemuva kwebarrieri okubalulekile ekugcinweni kwenkalula.

Iziphawu Zesight neMibono

Ukukhetha umbala kumzobo wokugcina ihhashi kuthinta kakhulu ubunzima nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokugcina nezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa emisebenzini yezimali. Umzobo omdaka uphendula izilwane zasolari ukuze kubeke izigaba sokugcina kumzamo, ngelika umbala omnyama uphendula izizathu ezingaphansi kwezigaba esinokuba sikhulisa ukudluliswa okusha kumazimu amnandi. Abayeni basezimali abakhiqiza umzobo ophelele bafaka izimo ezihle zabafundi ukuze bavusele izici zokugcina nezibonakaliso kubasebenzi bezimali nezokugcina. Ukuguquka kwesithunzi somzobo kumele kubeke isivimba sokubuyisela izilwane ngaphandle kokuchaza izici zomsebenzi okudingekayo ekugcinweni.

Ukuguquguquka kwezibonakude kufilimu yesilage kuthinta izindlela zokulandela nokugcina ngokushesha kwemikhondo yamakhaza. Amaphili amhlophe avumela ukubuka isimo sobumba ngemva kokugcinwa, okuvumela ukuthola kusuku lokuphela kwezinkinga ezingaba khona. Kodwa, amafomule angeyiyo aphathelene kahle kakhulu kwezinsimbi ezithintekayo yengcinga. Abayenzani izinhleli ezihlukahlukene zezibonakude ukuze zifakwe phakathi kwemikhondo yokugcina nezidingo zokulandela futhi zize zibuyeke kakhulu izici zokugcina kuzinto zabo.

Imithwethwe yokusebenzisa nezindlela eziphumelelayo

Indlela Ehlukile Yokubhobha

Ukufinyelela ekugcineni kahle kwesithelo kudinga izindlela ezihle zokusebenzisa ifilimu yesilage engaqinisekile ukuthi akukho moya ofike na futhi ubungozi buhle. Ukuphathelana kwezinkinga, okuvameke kuba ngu-50% nangezansi, kwenza amafomu amabili abungozi aphinde aphindwe ngokusheshayo ukuze ahlale kakhulu noma kusenziwa into yamaphazanyo ngenkathi kugcinwa khona. Inombolo yezikhawululo zefilimu ezenziwa kumele ibalise ikhono lokucophelela ngezidingo zokugcina, okuvameke kube khona izikhawululo ezi4-6 zokuchaza kakade. Ukubamba kagesheni ngemva kokumakisha kuhlenga izindawo ezimbaxenxene engazange zikwazi ukulahlekelwa umoya ongaba nomthelela kuqobo lomoya ongcono olunconywayo lokugcina.

Isikhathi sokubeka umgca kumkhiqizo kusenzela ngokusobala ukugcina nokulondoloza kwamandla ekudliseni emkhiqizweni olondoloziwe. Ukubeka umgca ngokushesha ngemuva kokubakisha kuthatha ubunzima obungcono bamanzi kanti nakwephula ukupheleka okuhlukile okuqala emuva kokuqukethwa ngesihlanu. Ukuzidla kokubeka ifilimu yesisilaje kuvikela ukuxhasana okuphila nokusebenza kwamathululi apho akhipha izakhelo ezidingekayo yokufomenteka ngendlela efanele. Izidingo zemithamo ngexesha lokubeka kumelela indawo yokuhlanganiswa kwayo nokugcina, kanti nemithamo engcono ibe yiminyaka yokusebenzisa.

Izidingo Zokulungiselela Kwizixhobo Nezixhobo

Ukukalibhara kweqobo leququ ukusobala kugcina ngokuthi kubangela iziphumo zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwamafilm e-silage ngokulandelana kwezimo zokusebenzisa. Ukugcinwa okufanele kweroli kusidla ukuthstretcha ifilimi ngaphandle kokunqamula kabili okungakwenzela ukuphila kwangaphambili. Izilungiselelo zesivinini kumele sibalance phakade ubuchule beksebenzi ngezidingo zokusebenzisa, ngoba isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu singakhiya ukufinyelela okungahle noma ukuphathelwa okungabi nomlando. Ukuhlengahlenga okuqhubekayo kweqobo kumempisela imiba yomshini engakhipha ubomi befanekiselo lomshini nemfihlo yokugcina.

Ukuphatha nokugcina kwe-film ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kuthinta kakhulu izinkomo zokusebenza nokugcina. Kudinga ukuphepha kwefilimi ephakeme kusobha kuka-UV, amathempheretsha aphelele, nakudoti ngexesha lokugcina nokuthunyelwa. Ukuzibophelela kakuhle kwezimboni kuyakusinika iminyaka yophando ukuba ifilimi isebenze ngendlela eyaziwayo. Imithetho yokugcina kumele ivikele ukulahlekwa okuyinto engathintwa ngayo okanye ukulahlekwa okungathintwa ngalo i-barrier okanye kwenze into engcono kumzi umfudlana.

Iimpawu Zomnotho Nenkokhelo Yekhoboka

Ukukhokha Kwemvuthu

Ukuthuthuka kufilimu eyenziwa ngokuhle kusungulwa izimali ezinkulu ngokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuncipha kwamahashi nokwehla kwezindleko zokushiswa. Ize zonke izahluko zibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa kahle kwefilimu kungakhusela ukuchithwa kwebumba elisuselwe ku-15-20% ekugcineni akuphathwa ngaphandle kune-5% kuphela kubhalishi abaphathwayo kangcono. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kokugcina kuthintana ngqo nokunconywa kwezimali futhi kukhulula ukudinga okunciphileyo wokuthenga amahashi esenzelwe. Inani lomthelelo wezimali lezindleko eziphindiwe yisikhathi esizayo sibe nzima kunoginani lwefilimu enobunkemkani bempilo.

Ukugcina kwezimali ezinhle ngokusebenzisa ifilimu esihlungeni kusibonakalisa ukuthuthukiswa kwebengu lefudla futhi kwenza izimo zezimali zibe nzuzo. Ukugcinwa kwezimali kunciphisa inani lefudla elidinga ukufinyelela amathuba ethu lokuphatha kumzimba. Ukuthembeka okuphucansi kusuka ekugcineni kakhulu kusenhlakanipha ukudla futhi kunciphisa udingo lokudla okunconywayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwizimo kuchitha phambili ukuze kwenzeke isiphumo esikhulu esincongco kumisebenzi yekhalasi ephathelene nokugcina kakhulu.

Umsebenzi nokuthuthukiswa kwezemisebenzi

Izici zomgqa wokugcina ngokuphelele kunciphisa izidingo zokusebenza futhi kuthuthukise ubunzima bokusebenza ngokunokuthuthuka kanye nokusebenzela kakhulu. Amathuba amahle amandla nezici zokunyuswa kanciphisa izimo eziphazanywayo nokubuyisebenzela kwemifilimi eyakhelwa ukuthuthukisa izindleko zokusebenza. Isimo esihlelo siphilwe ngemfili sikhuthaza ukuphelele kwezimali futhi kunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa kanye nokulungisa okutholakala ngokusheshayo ukushintsha kwemfili. Lezi zindlela zokuthuthukisa zikusungule ekunciphiseni izindleko ngokuphelele kuthuthukise izimali ezitholakala ngokunconywa kumathuba okugcina akhona.

Ukumelana kwesitokhelo okunikezwa ngombobo wesilage ongcono kuvumela izisebenzo ukulungisa izinguvo zokudla nokuphatha izinqumo zesitokhelo. ImaBhala etholakala kakhulu ayahlala nobuhle ngeminyaka engaphezu, ekuvumela izinhlelo zokudla ezihlakaniphezelayo ezingavutha isimo sesifundwini futhi ziphazame izindleko zokudla. Ubuncophele bukwaziswa okwagcinwe kakade kususa into eyadingekayo yokugcina ngendlela efutha noma ukuthenga izicelo zezidliso ngemva kwezimo eziphathelene ngendlela eyingcono. Lokhu kukhula kwesizukulwane kunciphisa izindleko eziphathelene nezemali emaphethelweni aphucelene nezimali.

Izidingo Zamanje Nokuphila Kusasa

Impact Yokuncipha Kwesindleko

Ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi esihlakaniphileyo kusilage kuncike kakhulu ekuphileni kwemfundo ngokuthatha isilinganiso esikhulu emnyango yezindleko zokudla nokungafanele kwezimali eziphathelene nazo. Ukukhushulwa kokuchithwa kwenza ukuthi indawo ebaleni ikhethiwe yokuzalisa izindlu kubekwe phambili ukuthi kutholakale izimpahla ezivelelayo. Izindleko ezingaphansi zenza ukuthi ubunzima bokumela okungafanele buntwini buphazanyiswe. Ubunzima bekuphila obufinyelela ngasilage esihle bukuxhasa imfundo engcono ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla.

Ukuncipha kwe-carbon footprint kuyisiphumo esibalulekile esihlaziyiweyo sekusebenzisa kahle isilinganiso se-silage film emisebenzini yezokulima ngamanje. Ukukhupha ukuchithakala kwesililo kukhupha ukusungwa kwe-methane kusililo esiphazamiswa futhi kugcineke iziphumo zokugcina i-carbon kwezinto ezilindelwe. Uguquko oluhle lwemfihlo yokulindela kunciphisa isiphumo esihlaziyiweyo ngalinye lokuqashwa kwenzalo. Lezi ziphumo zihlaziyiweyo zifani nezidingo eziphakeme zomthongo ngokusebenza kwezokulima futhi ngekunciphisa kwe-carbon footprint.

Ukulandela futhi Ukuphatha Kweqeda Kwesikhathi

Abakhanki besilinganiso sasezintabeni zamasa kamanziya kakhulu kuyisebenzisa izimo ezinokutholiwe futhi kuthuthukisezwe izimpahla ezitholiwe. Amakhanki amaningi amahle ayisebenzisa izimo zezimpahla ezingcono ukutholiwe futhi kuthuliwe izimpahla ezintsha zezimali noma izimo ezinye. Ukuthola kanye nokuphatha kwesilinganiso sasenzekayo kakhulu kukulungisa umhlaba futhi kuthuliwe izimpahla ezinobukhona ukutholiwe futhi kuthuliwe. Izinhlelo zasezimalini kakhulu kuthuthukise izimo zokutholiwa ukuthuthukise indlela yokuphuliwa.

Izinhlelo ezizimele ekutheni kwezilwane zokugcina izilwane ezifana ne-silage film zibonakala njengokuthi kuyizimo eza kuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa kahle kwemvelo. Kusabalalwa ngokupheleleyo kuze kube khona i-polymers engezansi yezimpilo ephinde iphinde ibe nemithetho yokugcina futhi ibe nemisebenzi engcono emva kokugcina. Kodwa, izinketho ezimanje ezingavimela kumele zilungiselele phakathi kwezimali zemvelo nezidingo zokusebenza. Umphakathi wasekuhlaleni ubalalela lezi zimo eza kuthi ngezidingo eziphethwe apho izidingo zemvelo ziyaphindisa izidingo ezenziwayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungakanjani usuku oludingayo silage film ukuqinisekisa ubomi bomshiselwa ngexesha lokugcina

Ifilimu esikhethiwekile yekhanda isinikeza ubumfihlo bekhanda ngeminyaka engu-12-24 uma kusebenziswa ngendlela efanele ngenqubo yokugcina. Isikhathi esifanayo sokugcina sibhekene nokulinganiso lwefilimu, indlela yokusebenzisa, imithetho yomhlaba, nokulinganiso lwakhanda ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Ibhale ezivikelwe kakhulu ezingcinwa emaqathini amadala afihla ubunzima bokugcina kakhulu, kodwa imithetho yomhlaba engeyiyo ingakwephula isikhathi esifanele sokugcina. Ukubheka ngokuyisikhathi ibhale evikwe kakhulu kusiza ekubaleni isikhathi esifanele sokudla ngokulinganisa imithetho yokugcina.

Ithikhwasi ngeyiphi yefilimu ye-silage iyanciphisa ngokushesha?

Izinyalo eziningi zezemfama zifinyelela iziphakamiso ezilungile ngemvane yesilage enobude phakathi kwe-25-30 microns, ekulungiselela amaphropathi ebungcwele ngokuhlangana nokomahluko kwemali. Imvane enobude obunzima kunezintandaza zokukhuthaza nokusebenza kwezibungcwele kodwa kakhulisa izindleko zomthwalo futhi ubude bokusebenzela. Imvane engezansi kungakha kunezisebeno ezilungile emaphandleni amakhubazi kodwa akhuthaza ngokude ngokuchaphazela okomthwalo. Ubude obulungile bokukhetha kubalulekile emaphandleni, izidingo zokuphatha, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokugcina ngasinye isimo.

Kungani imvane yesilage ethintekilewa ibilive ngokusebenza ngemva kusagcina?

Izikhungo noma izitshalo ezincane kumfanekiso wokugcina ikomashi kungazivikelwa ngokuthutyana isithezi sezindlu esisekelwe ekusebenzisweni kwemvelo. Kodwa, kufuneka kube khona ukulungiswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholakala kwebangena ukuze kugcinwe ububi bokunyusa komoya futhi kugcinwe imizamo yasendle. Isibopho esikhulu kudinga okuphinde kubopwe ngumfanekiso omusha wokugcina ikomashi ukuze kutholakale ukugcinwa kahle. Ukukhokha ngokulandela konke nokukhetha umfanekiso ongcono kungaba yinkinga engcono kunokulungiswa emva kokusebenzisa ukuze kugcinwe imizamo ephelele yokugcina.

Iziphi izinto zomzimba ephathelene kakhulu nokusebenza kwemfanekiso yokugcina ikomashi

Ukuguqulwa kwezinkukhu, ukubuthwa kwe-UV, nokugcinelwa ngokushisa noma ukuphatha kuyizinhloso eziphambene ezihlola iqiniso le-silage film. Ukubuthwa okude kwamandla wasezu kuchitha izici zefilimu nangoba kukhona UV stabilizers, futhi ukuguqulwa kwezinkukhu kungakhiqa amandla efilimu. Izindlela zokugcina nezinye izenzakalo zingasiza ekulungiseni izinkinga eziphambene nezindlela zokugcina.