IBHULOGI

Ukwalisa kamanje kube yinxenye eqhubekayo ngoba isicelo sobudlelwane bethu sikhuphuka ngelixa indawo yokulima ibizwa. Abalimi basezolunxweme bayithatha indlela eyahlukileyo ekusasazekeni ubungakanani bokulima nokugcina izindlela zokulima eziphila. Kulezi zixhobo, ikhephu lokulima libonakala njengendlela entsha eyenzela ukuthi izilimo zokulima ziqondiswe ngokuchanekileyo, zomnqophiso, umlilo, nesibhedelelo, okwenzela ukuthi abalimi bafihle ngemigaqo engaphezulu kunazo ezintangisweni.

Ukusebenzisa kwamafilmu wokwalima akhathazwa ngaphezu kwezibonakude zokuthi yindlela yokuthuthuka; kusho ukuguquka okumangalisayo emsulwa wokwalima okuphakade ekuphileni nezimali zokufa naseMvelo. Amasistimi amuhle wezilwane zamagugu afaka izimo ezihlwayelekileyo ephatha izithelo kumakhambi okungcolileyo, amathambo nemifo yesifo ngelika ukusetshenziswa kwezimali nezimali. Lokhu kumele kube khona ukuthuthukisa izithelo nokunakekelwa kwezimpilo njengoba zidinga izimali zokuzalwa futhi azikhethe isimo sokubuyela.

Ukulwazi Ngokucacile Kwamaphoyila Wokwalima

Umkhondo Namaqondo Ama-Material

Ifilimu lezihlabe kuyekwa ngokusebenzisa teknologhithi yesampukerithi esihle kakhulu okwakha izimpawu ezibuthanele ekusebenzisweni kwemfukwane. Izimpawu ezihlukene kakhulu kungu-polyethylene, PVC, nezimpawu ezikhiye eziningi izigaba ezinikeza iziphropathi ezihlukene ukululele izidingo zokupheka. Lezi ziphawu zikhiwe ukulahle umlilo wasezulwini, ukushintshana kwezinkciyo, nokugcinwa komgwaqo ngokuphelele kakhulu kodwa kuyekile ukuthuthukisa kanye nokubuthanele ngokude.

Umbuthano wemolekyuli wezilimi zokudla esibonakalayo kusetyenziswa i-stabilizers nezongezi eziphazamisa ukulahlekelwa kumthambeka wasevu ne-oxidation. Izigaba ze-anti-drip zisetyenziselwa kakhulu kwifomula yezilimi, ekuphazamisa ukungena kwamandla emvura emanzini kumthi bese kunciphisa umcinga wokulahlwa ngamaxoki. Ngaphezu koko, izilimi ezininzi zokudla zamanje zinezigaba zobuchwepheshe olukhululwe okuthatha izityalo eziphathelene nge-UV kodwa zivumela izinto eziphilayo ukufinyelela, ukudala imizamo epheleleyo yokuphosphosithelaya.

Imikhuba Yekwakha Ne-ubuchwepheshe Bokhokho

Ukwenza kwebholaqele lokusebenza kwemfundo kudinga izindlela zokulawula ububi ngokuphelele ukuze kutholakale imisebenzi engcono phakathi kwezimo ezihlukene. Izikhala zokwakha zisebenzisa izindlela zokunquma okuphucansi okuthuthukile okugcina ubude obuphethwe kahle nokwahlukanwa kwegesi elingelili kuyo yonke indawo yesivinini. Lezi zindlela zibalulekile ngoba izinguquko eziphazanyayo kubude besivinini zenzela amathuba amahle angaphazanyiswa kumkhumbi wokuphepha futhi akhulise isebenza sokuphelisa ekususweni.

Imithetho yemphathi wokuthembeka kwezindlu zokulima ikude kakhulu ukuchaza okuchazwe ngokugcinwa kwamandla, amandla nokwenzeka komshunqa, nezinga lokubuka. Kuyaphakanyiswa umthelelo wokuzimisa ngalinye ukuze kuvikeleke ukuthi umfanekiso ubophephele izici ezilandelwayo ze-UV, ubukhona bomthwalo, nokuphatha kakhulu. Lokhu kumele kujikeleze ukuthi abafarm kthole izinhlu zokulima ezenzekelayo nguye yonke indawo yokulima futhi zinikeze ukuphepha okuphathelene ngezithelo zabo.

Izindlela Zempilo Nezimpilo Zezithelo

Ukulungiswa Kwesimo Somlilo Nokuphatha Kwezimo

Kunye kokubaluleka kakhulu kwefilimu yesisekelo ukuthi kwenza izimo ezizodwa zokuphefumula okwenzela ukuthuthukisa komthombo. Umehluko wakhiwe nguqobo lwebhola efakiweyo lithutha izimo eziphathelene nezinkathi ngokuphindaphinda futhi kumemeza izinkinga eziphazanyayo kuzindiza ezinezigaba esikhundleni noma kuzindiza eziphazanyayo. Lokhu kukhokhelwa amandla kakhulu emvuleni futhi kufakela izihlahla ngeminyaka yonke, futhi kufakela phambi kwamashumi amabili ngesikhathi esifanekisayo.

Ukuphatha izimo eziphathelene nezinkathi nguqobo lwesisekelo lunakelela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekugcineni kwezimali ezingcono. Izigaba sokuphatha kwamandla kweqobo eliningi livimba ukungabi khona kwamandla ngemva kwezindiza eziphazanyayo kodwa likhokhela ukuthambeka kwezinkathi ngomhlana ongqongqo. Izinhlelo zeqobo lesisekelo ziqhubeka nokulungisa ukudonsa kwamandla ngokulinganisa nezimo zangaphakathi zokucindezela, zibuyisela izimo eziphilayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa okuhlengile nguwothuli womphakathi.

Ukuphatha Umshimba nokugcina Amanzi

Ukugcina amanzi kuthathelwa indlela ebalulekile ngokuthi izindawo zokudluza ezenhlane zonke ziyophakama ngenxa yomfutha futhi zinezinkinga zokungabi kwezimali. Izixwebana zezokudluza zikhipha kakhulu okudingayo kwemali ngokwenzela ukuthi kube khona ubunzima obuncane bokuhlola futhi kwenze izimo ezihlolangayo zokulahla. Iziphazamiso ezivalelekile zilungisa umshimba kumoya ophakeme waze wonake ubuchwepheshe kuzindawo zezinyawo zezithixo apho kunezidingo eziningi, lapho kusenziwa into ekhethekile.

Izigaba ezininzi zezixwebana zezokudluza zibandakanya izinkomo zokulahla nezehydropponic ezinikeza amanzi angcono kanye edlule idadi elingcono emva yesinyawo sezithixo. Le ndlela ethintekayo iyekisela ukulahla kwezimali kusuka kwehloleni futhi kuhlola ngelanga, njalo kuyekela izinto zokudluza zifundeni amanzi angenoqobo nguye wonke umlando wazo. Ukudibanisa ukuvikelwa kwegxalaba nokulahla okufanele kungakhipha ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuze kube ngu-60% kunokudluza okusha okuthile.

Isiphumo sezoNgozi nokuhlanjulula Kuphela

Ukuthuthuka Kwezimali Nezibonakaliso Zokuthola

Abafarmi abasebenzisa izinhlelo zomlalo wobuciko bezithembeka ngokuphathelene kubonakala ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwezimali nokuthuthuka kwezibonakaliso zokuthola. Izimo ezivikelwe kuyizidingo eziphazanyisayo ezenza ukuthi izimali zihlanjululwe, kufaka phakathi ukudamage kwegolide, ukungena kwamathambo, nezogwala eziba kusohlangothini. Lezi zimo ezilawulwayo ezidalwa ngu ifilimu lezihlabe kuvumela izitha ukufinyelela iphrofayili yazo yokuthuthuka nokuphila kwemifuno.

Lezi zibonakaliso ezithuthile kudinga kwezimali zihlukanisa ngaphezu kokuthuthuka kwezimali kufaka phakathi ukuthuthuka kwegcinwa kwempilo, ukubonakala okuhle, nokusebenza kude kwizinto ezitholakala. Izitha ezitholakala ngekuqashwa komlalo wobuciko kuzothuthuka izinhlelo zezongo eziphezulu nezinkinga eziphethilene ezinconywayo njengoba ziphazanyiswa ngendlela enzima. Lokhu kuthuthula kubangela amaphuzu aphezulu emercati nokuthuthuka kwezimali kubantu abasebenzisa izindlu zokuthola.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimali Nezimali Nokubuyela Emuva Kwimali

Nakuba ukufaka kwemifuli yesixwayiso kudinga ukwenza uhlinzeko olukhulu kuqala, izimali ezikude ziyaphakade ngaphezulu kwezimali ekuqaleni kakhulu kwezinye izimo zokulima. Ukuhla okukhulu, ubunzima bokukhokhwa okuthuthukisiwe, nokunciphisa kwezimali ngokwehluleka kwezulu kanye nesililo sibonakala kakhulu kusuka ngaphakathi kwegcina lokuqala. Ngokufanayo, ukwazi ukusabela isifundo kanye nokufumana izimbiza eziningi ngayinyanga kuyakhathaza amaphela esiwotho ngalinye elilengezayo.

Ukunciphisa kwezimali zokusebenza okufunyenwe ngemifuli yesixwayiso kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa kwezimali zokusebenza izibhedele, ukunciphisa kwezimali zomlamo, kanye nokunciphisa kwezimali zokusebenza izilimi zokulima. Umzimba otholakala kutholakala ngaphandle kwezinye izenzekelayo ezilandelwayo ezidinga ukulima ngendlela eyayisemvelo, ngakho-ke kutholakala ngaphandle kwezimali ezidinga ukulima ngendlela eyayisemvelo. Lezi ziphumo ziyakhathaza ngexesha, zenzela ukuba uhlinzeko lwemifuli yesixwayiso lube luncinane ngexesha

Imithwalo nezindleko Zokufaka Fakshoni ne Ukulungisa

Ukulungiselela Kwesite Nokufakwa Kwezimali

Izilandelwano zokufaka izimoto zezokulima kuhle kubala ngokulungiselela kahle kwesite okusinika imfihlo yokuphila nokudla kakhulu kwegumbi elimthethayo. Kumele ukukhetha isite silondoloze izindawo eziphathelene ngekhampani, ekugcineni kwesibane esingcono, nekuqiniseka kwezivumelwano ezikungameli igumbi lokufihla. Ukulungiselela kwezimali kufaka phakathi ukulayisha yini, ukufaka izinkampani, nokudala izahluko ezizokwenzela ukuthola kakhulu kwezimo zomhlaba.

Izimali ezidingekayo zezimo zezimoto zezokulima ziyehlisa ngokusho uhlobo lweseko nelizimo zomhlaba. Izifundiso zegumbi elijulile kudinga izahluko ezikhulu nezinkampani ezingcono nezinqumo zokulunga kwezimo. Iziseko zetuli kudinga izinhlelo ezifana nezinhlangothi ezifakwa ngokusebenza kwezimo zezokulima futhi ziqiniseke ukutholakala kakhulu komgwebu wemoto.

Imikorokozozo Yokuphatha nokubhekezela Kusizo

Ukuphatha okuqeqeshisiweyo kufunelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuthi izikhwama zomhlaba ziqhume ngokuphelele kwezithembu ngokugcwele kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Izikhwama zokuhlola kufuneka zifaka ukubhekezela izikhalo, imfihlo ye-UV, nokubaluleka bezikhwama zokuthuthukisa. Ukubhekezela ngaphambili kwezinkinga ezinjalo kuvumela ukulungiselelo okuphakeme okuthuthukisa ubude bezikhwama zomhlaba futhi kuthuthukise amandla okubhekezela okuphathelene.

Imikorokozozo yokubhekezela kusizo kufuneka ukulandela iziqinisekiso ezibalulekile zezinkundla kanye nokulunga kwesimo, kufaka phakathi ukulunga kwesimo, ukugololwa, nokuphakade kwesibhedle. Izinkundla zokukusasa idatha zingalanda izimo ezinikela ukuthi lapho ukuphatha okuyilwa okusha kungafunwa, kuvumela izikhalo ukuthatha izinyathelo ngemini ehlukileyo eyancane ngokuphansi kwesimo sokuproduka izithembu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ubude bezikhwama zomhlaba ezigcwele ziphi?

Iphilimu ephathekileyo yesiko sezokulima iphinde iphinde phakathi kwamashwa nesikhombolo ngemuva kakhulu kumzimba, ukhuseleko kwe-UV, nokuphatha kwezindlela. Iphilimi ezinhle ngezinhlelo eziqoboziweyo zezokukhuseleko kwe-UV nezokwehluleka kwezokwehluleka kungakhathalela kusekulu kwezikhombolo emakhaya amadala. Ukufaka kwezakhiwo, ukuphatha kwezakhiwo, nokukhuseleko kwezokulima kwezokulima kungakhathalela kusekulu kwezokulima.

Iphilimi yesiko sezokulima iyafaniwa kanjani nezindlu eziluhlaza?

Iphilimi yesiko sezokulima iphawula izinkinga eziningi kuneluhlaza njengoza ukudala okuncane, izici ezilungileyo zokudala, kanye nokukhuseleko okuhle kwezokulima. Njengoba izindlu eziluhlaza mungaphila kude, iphilimi yesiko sezokulima iphawula kakhulu kwezakhiwo kwezakhiwo futhi kungakhathalela kuthuthukisa noma kuthuthukisa njalo njalo kusiko sezokulima. Iphilimi yesiko sezokulima evela namanje iphawula kakhulu kwezokulima kunazo zonke izindlu eziluhlaza.

Kungabaqhubeka ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezimali zokwalala kwemvula?

Izinto eziningi zezimali zokwalala kwemvula zingabakhokhelwa ngapha kwezenzo zokukhokha iziphasi likagunywa ehandlela iziphasi zokwalala kwemvula. Ababhali abaningi bafakela izinkundla ekutholeni izimali ezisetyenzisiwe ukulungiselela kuze kube yizinto ezintsha. Ukusabela kanye nokukhokha kwemvula kususa umsebenzi wokwalala okuyindalo futhi kususa isimo sezintsho esivela emsebenzini wokwalala.

Iziphi izinto okufanele kuzwaqashelwa xa kusotha izimali zokwalala kwemvula kwezithelo ezithile?

Kude kufanele kube khethwe izikhathi ezithile zokudluliswa kwamawelelo, izilingo zokulahlela kwezinkoka, kanye nezinkomo zokuthuthukiswa kwemithi yetharget. Imithi ephuvisa kungcono kube ngenye yezimboti ezihlela amawelelo amathile, ngelishwa amathambo amahle amadumbhu kungcono kube ngenye yezimo ezahlukene. Ukuxhumana nozobuchwepheshe bezikhambi zokudluliswa kwamawelelo kusinikeza inkinobuko okuthi izikhambi ezikhethiwe ziyalingana nezidingo zethu zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsuku zonke kanye nezimo zaseNdeno.