IBHULOGI

Ukukhetha ifilimu eyisiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo kuyindaba ebalulekile kakhulu yokwemba, ihlanganisa ngqo ngezindlela zokupheka komphakathi, ubunzima bomoya, nezimali zokusebenza. Imisebenzi yamandla emkhumbini iyadinga izinto ezibambisana phakade kumoya olunyelelayo kanye nemprothothi eliqinileyo, ukudala amava amuhlungu ekuphileni ngeminyaka yonke. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitebhile zingabangela ukuguquka okukhulu kwesithelo sokupheka komphakathi, ukulungiswa kwesitshixo, nokusebenza kwamandla emkhumbini. Ukuziqonda umdakane ochemekayo phakathi kwezigaba zofilimu namaphakade wokwelapha kuvumela abalimi ukuba bakhethe ngokucacileyo ukuze baphephe kakhulu futhi bafanele.

Ukuziqonda Izigaba Zokudluliswa Kwamoya

Izidingo Ze-Radiation Ezisetshenziswa Ekupheni Komphakathi

I-Radiation engezantsi (PAR) ichaza ubume nobuningi bokumkani okubalulekile ekuthuthakeni kwebhulophu, ngakho-ke kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile xa kuvamekwa izinkampani zasekhondla. Izithuthi ezahlukene zidinga izigaba ezithile zokumkani nezintensithi ukuze zifinyeleze ubunzima bokuthutha okungcono, okwenzeka phakathi kwe-400-700 nanometre kwi-PAR kakhulu kwebhulophu. Izipharamende ezininzi zasekhondla zisetyenzisa i-chemicals eziqhubekayo ezongeza ukumkani okuphumelelayo ngexhasa lefiltra i-radiation ye-UV eyayikholwa eyakhiwa kwebhulophu. Ubungakanani phakathi kokuphumelelayo kokumkani nokukhetha okufiltrwe kwenza umphakathi lapho iwebhulophu ayitholakala ukuthutha ngokushesha.

Amakhanda akhiwa kwegunya eliqinileyo ayifika kuzindlela zokungena kwegunya ezikhona ngaphezu kuka-90%, ekhulisa kakhulu kumagunya wokufaka okudala okwesibili okanciphisa izilingo eziyingekiweyo. Lezi ziphatshwa ezinezindlela ezihle zisetyenziswa i-polymers ezintsha ezingeniso egcwele ukuthatha nokuthwaleka kwegunya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuqedeke inzuzo yonke kumagunya abantu. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwebanzi yegunya, isilinganiso sangaphakathi, nokungena kwegunya kudinga ukulungiswa okujulile ukuze kufakwe imiphumo engcono emhlabeni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwebanzi noma amathuba okuphatha.

Imiphumo Yahlukaniswa Kwegunya

Ukwehla kwegalvane ephathelene ngemfano yasekhaya esisweleke ekususweni kwezilanga ekuhlengahlengeni, kungenza ukulungelelane kwesibonakaliso kuwo wonke indawo yokuzala, ukuthintela amasonto amaningi namaphoyinti athinta okunakekela izithelo. Lethokholoji libeka isilanga esifihlakeleyo emazinzini amakhulu, libuyele indaweni ebusweni bezithelo futhi libonezise izinyawo ezincane ezingasetshenziswa khona. Ukwebaka okuphucake kwegalvane kuxhumanisa ngqo nokusebenza okuphucake kokuphosikayitha kuwo wonke umfaniso weshithelo, kukhuphuka ukuguquka okulinganiselwe kanye nokuphila okuphezulu.

Ubuciko bokuthi kukhona ukudluliswa kwegolide kumqondo kuxhumanisa nezinkinga ezincane ezingaphakathi kwesilinganiso esifakiweyo okuthuthela izilango zegolide ngaphandle kokukhupha kakhulu kwezimali zegolide. Lezi zinkinga zidala izindawo eziningi zokuthuthulwa okuthuthula izilango zeSonto zibeka kumgodi opholile, ungcono. Izithelo ezintshuthumayo ngaphansi kwemviko yokudluliswa kwegolide zazidlala izimo ezimbi, kunesimo lokuhlanjulwa okungcono, kanye nokulahlanya okulinganiselwe kangempela kunazo ezibekelwe phambi kwegolide engavalekiwe.

Umbono Womkhiqizo Nezindlela Zokulunga

Ukuthuthuka Kweteknoloji Yempahla

Ukwenza kwamanzi akamuva kusebenzisa izimo eziningi zokuphathwa okuthuthukile kuyakha indlela enobumnandi, ubunjinga, nokudala ngokudala kwezimo eziphikisanayo. Amakhanda apho-apho ane-polyethylene ayadala izixhobo ezininzi ezinokunciphisa ukungena kwe-UV, ukunyusa kwezulu, nezibonakaliso zomfanekiso okudingekayo ekusebenzeni ngeminyaka engaphezu kweyodwa. Le zibonakaliso ezithuthukile zivikelwa ukulahlekwa kusindlela esikhulu, ukuguquka kwezulu, nokuthintana ngezimbi ezingasindiswa manje amakhanda aqhelekileyo.

Imithetho yokudonsa okumanyathelene kakhulu ikhishwa abasebenzi ukuthi bahlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwesithasisimane esisodwa, ukuqinisekisa izici eziphethwe kakhulu kwezintandokazi phakathi na-phandle. Ilaya yangaphandle iqhubeka ekusabela isimo sezulu kanye nesiphazamiso se-UV, ngelika laya kangaphakathi ibe yigumbi lokubuka kahle kanye nezici zokukhlinza kondensiyeni. Lokhu kuhlaka kuchaza indlela umunye ngamunye wokusebenza okuphethwe kakhulu ngelika kujabulela isimo samandla kanye nezici zokusebenza kuzindima zonke.

Izingxenye Zongcinwa Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukusebenza

Izibonakaliso ezikhethiwe zokudala kakhulu zihlanza iifilimu ezimbaxenxenyeni ukuba zibe yezimali eziphucukileyo zokusebenza kwisixhobo sokufuna okunokuthintela iingcinga ezithile zokuphila. Iisidimanga anti-fog zikhusela ukuqhubama kokusuka okungasivumeli ukuthwala kwegazi kwaye kube yinxalenye enobuhleyo yezifo zomthwalo. Iisthabhilayiza ze-UV zikhusela iifilimu neempahla indawo efanayo ukuba zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zokuphila. Le zibonakaliso ezinhlelwe ngokucacileyo zisebenza ngokuxhomekeka kwisiqu ukuze ziphinde ziphumelele ekugcineni nokunika iimpawu zokusebenza.

Izidingo zokulahleka kwezulu zihlanza ukuguqwa kwesibindi ngaphakathi kwegolide, ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla emithuthuko yezulu. Kunezigaba zegolide zenkazimulo eziqukethe izinto ezingavimela izulu eziphazanyisayo ezingahlala kakhulu ngemva yesikhashana kodwa zibambelela ukuphumelela kwegolide engcinezela. Umlando omuhle wezidingo ngeke uhlaziywe kabangani futhi uphuhliseke ukuze kutholakale ukubaluleka nokusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kude ngeminyaka phakathi kwezimo zezenzo ezigcinwe.

Amathuba Wokukhuselela iMvelo

Izimbhalo Zokulindela Ukulinga

Ifilimu esisiphumelelayo yesigaba kumele sibukeke izimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinyalo, kuyadinga ukuthola uhlu, amandla okuphazimula, ubunzima bezinkimbini, kanye nokwenzeka kwe-UV eyaneleyo engaqeda ngokushesha imithwalo engaphantsi. Imithetho yemfundo ephathelene nendalo ihlanza ukukhathazeka kokuqhakazeka, amandla wokugcina, kanye nokulawulwa komkhawulo phakathi kwezimo ezivamile zokuphazimula okungaphezu kwemizamo yezimo. Ifilimu esibonakalayo isebenza kanjalo futhi inikeze izici zokubona noma emva kokutholwa kwezimo ezihlangukayo ezikhubaza izinto ezingaphansi.

Ukubala kwebandla yokuphazimula kuyadinga amandla ohlelo wesibopho sokungenisa ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo ukufakwa kwezihlalo ezimfashaneni ngokwezomlando, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithuthi zingasebenze ngendlela eyimbi noma kungekho iphutha elikhulu. Ukukhetha kwezihlalo ngokulandela amava ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezimali nezithathu ezilahlekileyo okutholakala ngokungcono kwesimo sezimali. Izivivinyo zokucindezela kuthinta kuthinta ukuthi izihlalo zingahlala futhi zingaphansi ngokuphindaphindiwa ngaphandle kokuthola iziqhamo zokucindezela noma izigaba ezithintekayo ezinamandla okuthuthukisa kuthinta kuthinta.

Ukukhuseleka kwezimodi nezibhedliyo

Imizila yekhanda iphakamisa ifilimu ye-greenhouse kumakhemikhali ngalunye kungaphandle kwamathambo, izithungukeli, nezibophezelo ezinika amandla okuthutha kancane uma imithombo ayifuni izici zokukhathala. Izinhlelo zeqobo ezide izifaka izongeza ezingavuki kumakhemikhali ukuvikela ukurekhoda kumakhemikhali aphathelene nomkhondo, ekugcineni ubunjalo befihliymu nobulukwane befihliymu kuwo wonke umkhathi wokupheka. Lokhu kukhona kwezimali kusidla phakade nokuvikela ukungabi namahluko amadala angakhiqizwa ngokungahle kuhlinzeka kwesimo esingakhiphayi.

Ukukhuseleka kwezithembu kumelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwebhacteria kanye nokulahlekelwa okungasivumayo ukuthi kudluliswe amehluko kumzabalazo omuhle ngemuva kohlaziywa ukuphila kwemifilithi. Izinto eziyengeziwe ezinezigaba zihlinze ukuthuthukisa kwemifilithi, okubalulekile kumzimbi okuphezulu kakhulu okuphila kakhulu kumeva kakhulu. Kunezinhlelo zemifilithi yegreenhouse ezifaka iziqondiso zokucatha, ezivumela ukuthwala kwebhhasa, okuthulasela ukulungisekile kakhulu kanye nokumelwa kwesibonelo esihle sokubonakala ngemva yokudala.

Izidingo zokufaka futhi ukulungisa

Iindlela Zokufaka Ngokuchanekileyo

Ukufaka kwe-film enzulwini kufanele kube nokuzinikela ngokugcwele ekunqamuleni, ukumisa nokulungiselela okunciphisa imizimba yomsebenzi nomdala wemali. Ukunqamula kufanele kukhulise izimpandulo ezimbi ezigcinwa ekuthwalweni kwamanje futhi kusidlangulaze inkimbiso yokuguquka nokuqhuma kwegunya. Isikhathi sokufaka kufanele silingane neminyaka engcono efakelwa ngayo ukuze ikhona lokusebenzisa nomisa amali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa komthwalo we-film.

Izinqamlezo ezikhethiweyo zokudonsa kusika isimo sokugcinwa kwesimo ngaso sonke isikhala, ukukhulula izindawo ezingavaleki njalo engakwenzeka ukuthi kuqaphele kakhulu ngemvuku yezinkangala. Iindlela ezivumelekileyo zokufaka kufaka phakathi ukubamba kabili, ukuguquguquka kwegunya, nokuhlanganiswa kwebhamu ebalulekile ekugcineni ubunzima bokwakhiwo ngenkathi kuvuselela uhlelo lwentliziyo olidingekayo. Le mininingwane yokufaka ihluka kakhulu emsulwa wophelo olude futhi iyadinga ukuthi ifilimu yesilingezi ibe neminyaka yomsebenzi etholakele.

Imithetho Yokuphila Ngaphandle Kwesikhathi

Imithetho yesimahla yokuqasha iqiniso leplastic ye-greenhouse futhi lenza ukuthi iphindele ngemva kwezikhathi ngokuziphatha izikhathi zokhlola nokulunga ngaphambilini. Izinhlobo zokuhlola zisusa umthubi, ipoleni, nezinye izindlela ezingekho okuphindile okunciphisa ukubamba kwegcina kanye nokudala amandla atholakala ekuthuthukiseni kwamakhono. Izindlela ezinzulu zokucula zisebenzisa izivumelwano ezifanelekile zikugcina ukungcolwa kwezivumelwano ngezidingo kanye nokubuyisela izici ezilungile zokubuka.

Imithetho yokuhlola iyasho izinkinga ezingaba khona kuhle kunezinkinga, kanye nokuchithwa kwegciwane, noma ukuchithwa kwegcina ngaphambi kokuba kude kube yinkinga enkulu ofuna ukuguqula kabonke iqiniso. Ukubhalisa imizamo yokuphatha kusinika imininingwane engcono yokulungisa izinkatho zokuguqula kanye nokulinganisa izinye iplastic ye-greenhouse ngemizamo ethile. Ukuphatha ngaphambi kwehlanza kunciphisa kakhulu izinkinga ezingalunganga kanti kakhokele impumelelo eyinhloko kumaterials emangalisayo.

Izidingo Zomnotho Nokubuyiselwa Kwemali

Ukuchaneka Kwesilingo Sokuvula

Incazelo ephelele yezindlela zomnotho kusukela kufilimu yegreenhouse kumele ikhokhela izindlela zomnotho waseqondeni, izindlela zokufaka, nokusebenza okutholakala ukuze kuhlengwe ngokucacile kakhulu izimanje zomnotho ngokudala. Tekinoloji ephuthumayo yegreenhouse film ihlala ithinta izindlela eziphezulu kusuku lokuqala kodwa iboneke ngokusebenza okuphumelelayo nokude okuthola okuthola okunciphisa izindlela ngokuphelele kwizinye zizinduku zokudala. Kumele kufakwe kumodeli wemali, izinkinga ezifana nokuthuthukisa kwemvelo, izindlela eziphansi zokulahla, nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokushintsha uma kuhlelwa izinketho ezahlukene zegcobo.

Ifilimu ephathekileyo yesigaba singasebenza kakhulu emsebenzini ngokuthulaswa kwezixhobo, umdla wakho ngokulungisa ukulawula kwezulu, kanye nokuphatha kwezithixo okwenzekayo ngokugcwele kumlando. Ukunciphisa imali kusuku kwezulu kanye nokulungisa kokugcwele kwezulu kuyasebenza ngaphandle kwezimali eziphansi ngokuthile kwindalo yokuqala. Le mali ingcono kuyasebenza ngokwengeziwe ngexesha njengoko iziphambo ezilungile zilungisa imali, ngelishwa iziphambo eziphantsi zidinga ukubuyisela kwiindawo kanye nezixhobo.

Isiphakamiso Senani Lesikhathi Eside

Ukuchazwa kwezimali ngokudala kubonisa ukuthi ifilimu ephumelelayo yesilinge esikhulu isebenza ngokushesha, inikeza imiphumela embalwa kuphela, kancane ukuphazanyiswa, nokuthuthukisa kwebhethe yocingo ngeminyaka engaphezu kwesikhathi eside. Izivumelwano zeminyaka emihlanu nezibonakaliso zobulungiswa bezivikela izinkulumo zezimali ezithandaza izimpendulo ezinhle noma kube nzima izindleko zokuqala. Iziphumela zokusebenza kusukela ekunciphiseni ukugcina, ukuthuthukisa kwebhethe yomoya, nokuvikelwa kocingo kuguqula ngokudala, kwenza izinkinga ezikhulu zezenzo.

Ukuchazwa kwezimali kubonisa ukuthi abagrowtha abasebenzisa i-greenhouse film enobukhosi baphepha bathola izindleko ezilungile, ububele obuncane kwezilwanyana nezifo, nokholo eziphucule kumthombo okunikezwa kunabo abasebenzisa izimboni eziyisisekelo. Loo nto iyaphinda ihlukaniswa ngokushesha ekunamathiselweni kanye nombuso wokuthengisa okunakekela ukulayisha kwemali engaphezulu kumaterials. Ukudala kwezimali ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezihlanu zokuguqula ezigcwele zibonisa ngqo igunya elibalulekile lezitebheli zezingcinaba zezimali.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Igama elilunge lomfanekiso wegreenhouse lithathe kangakanani ngaphansi kwezimo eziphathelene ngokuvamile

Ifilimu esisiphethelene esihle esenzelwe izindlela zokusebenzisa ezigcwele kakhulu kusenziwa ukuthi kube khona ubuso obukhazimula-5 ngeminyaka engaqondeni phakade emehlweni ethile, noma kunjalo kubonke amafa ayisinkinga kungcono. Ubude bekuphila kubaluleka kiziphi zimpendulo ezifana nokuthintana kuka-UV, ubude bakwamandla, ukugcinwa kwesiseko sokushisa, nokumelana. Amaphilimu anezixhobo eziphephethelene ze-UV nezixhobo eziningi kakhulu ziyaphila ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezingxenye eziyodwa emehlweni enqunyulwano. Ukufakwa okuhle nokuhlenga okuqinile kukhuthaza ukuphila kwayo ngaphezu kwebhodha yekhophela.

Kuthini igama elilinganiselwe lokuthickness ekufanele kuchazwe ukuze kube nenkathi kanye nebanga?

Ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo ukhetho kwebhagidi kubaluleka ngemithetho yombuso wokusebenza, kanti amathuba mengqushwa amakhethwa phakathi kwe-150-200 microns ukufakelwa kwamandla kanye nokulawula kwegazi. Amabhagidi amakhulu afaka kakhulu kumsebenzi futhi amandla amakhulu kodwa kungakhetha amandla okulawula kwegazi. Indawo yendawo, imithetho yomoya kanye nomthetho wokusebenza kubaluleka ukhetho kwebhagidi. Ukunakekelwa kwezimali kunciphisa ukuthi yiziphi izici ezifanele ngokuthi kubaluleka kwezindawo kanye nemithetho yomsebenzi.

Kungani iguni elithunyelwe kugcwaliseko ngemuva kokuphela kwalo kusebenza?

Amakhanda amabi amanye okufaka kwezimali ezinzulu angabalwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo eziphathelene nezimali zezokulima ukuze kwenziwe izinto ezintsha, ekunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwamandla kunye nokuphila kwayo. Ukulungiselela kahle kufuneka kuhlanganise ukusabela nokususa kwamakhanda aphakathi akwenzekayo kuhlwempu ukuthuthuka kwebalwa nokuphumelela kwegama elibalwini. Abazalisi ababini bayabona izinhlelo zokubuyisela ezenzele ukucophelela nokubalwa kwezimali ezibalwini zemilo yezimali ezinzulu. Ukukhetha iimvitha ezivela kubazalisi abanezihlwalomthombo zebalwa zisenze imfuneko yokuphatha ngendlela ethembekileyo emva kokusetshenzwa.

Izimali zeplastiki zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali zezimali

Ifilimu ye-greenhouse inikeza izintelo ezikhulu kubutho bezimali ezingaphansi, ukufakwa okulula, ukuhambisa kwamandla okuhle, nokushintshashintsha okuvikela ukuguqwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba izimbo ezingcono zinikeza ubude bebuso, kudinga imali enkulu yokuqala nokufakwa okuncane. Izimbo zofilimu zingasebenzisa izilinganiso zokuhambisa okuphathelene noma okungaphezulu ngemuva kokunika izimo ezihlukileyo zokuphatha nokuphepha. Isidingo sihlala kuze kube ngumthetho wemali, ubude bokususa, nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kuyeke greenhouse.