IBHULOGI

Ukuzalisa kwezinsizakwane kuzokwazi ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga eziphakeme kakhulu kusukela emizimbeni eyingenabizo, ukuguqula kwesimo sezulu, nokuthanda okuphakeme kokuzalisa izinsizakwane ngokuphelele ngeminyaka yonke. Isiphumo sisebenza kuzo kwezinsizakwane zokuzalisa ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele, apho ifilimu yezinsizakwane iyasebenza njengomsebenzi omkhulu ekwenzeni kwezinsizakwane zokuzalisa ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele, noma kungakanani ukuguqula kwesimo sezulu ngaphandle. Ifilimu emnandi yezinsizakwane iyasebenza njengomkhawulo wokulondoloza okuyinhloko okunikeza abazalisi ukuthi bahlukanise ngokuphelele isimo sezulu, ukuvikela ukuzalisa kwezinsizakwane futhi ukuvikela ukuthi kubhekene nezinkampani zonke izinsuku. Le teknoloji yokufaka umkhawulo wokulondoloza yayibuyekeza imisebenzi yokuzalisa, ukuvikela abazalisi ukuthi bahlukanise izinsuku zokuzalisa futhi bakuzalise izinsizakwane ezintsha nangemaqandu ayo amahlanu ayezikhona.

Izinsiza Zokuhlanganisa Zokuzalisa Kwezinsizakwane Ezinamandla

Ukuthumela Kwelighayi futhi Ukucacisa Kwelighayi

Izinkulungwane zokubona kwe-film yegreenhouse zihlala ziyaphakanyisa ubukhulu bekuphatha kwe-photosynthesis nokuvutha kwemithi. Izilimi zefilm yegreenhouse eziningi zihlanganiswe ukuze ziholele ukuthuma kwelighlight ngokuphelele, futhi zihlukanise izi-radiation zika-UV ozinconywa emithini. Izifomula zepolyethylene eziphelele ziholela ukuthuma kwelighlight okungenani kune-90%, okuhlinzekile ukuthi imithi ibonakale isibonelo sokubona esiphambili sokuvutha. Ukucacisa nokubonakala kwe-film kuzikhubaza izindlela zokuhlukanisa ilight ozinconywa ngazo izilimi ezingafanele, okuhlinzekile ukuthi kubonakale isibonelo sokubona esifanayo kuwo wonke umkhawulo wokuvutha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yesimanje yokugcina izithombo iqukethe izithasiselo ezilwa ne-condensate ezivimbela ukwakheka kwamazolo amanzi endaweni engaphakathi. La manzi anganciphisa kakhulu ukudluliswa kokukhanya futhi adale izindawo ezishisayo ezilimaza izicubu zezitshalo ezizwelayo. Izakhiwo ezilwa nokudonsa zigcina ukukhanya kunqunyiwe futhi zivimbela amanzi ukuba angadonsi ezitshalweni, zinciphise ingcindezi yezifo futhi zigcine izimo zokukhula ezinhle.

Ukulawulwa Kwamazinga Okushisa Nokusebenza Kokuhlukanisa

Ukulawulwa kokushisa kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yefilimu yokushisa endlini yokushisa emisebenzini yokulima unyaka wonke. Ifilimu yekhwalithi ephezulu inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa eziqeda ukulahleka kokushisa ngezikhathi ezibandayo kuyilapho kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sezulu esifudumele. Amasu okwakha anezingqimba eziningi akha izikhwama zomoya ezandisa inani lokuhlukanisa, zinciphise izindleko zokushisa ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwakha ezingqimba ezilodwa.

Izakhiwo zokushisa zefilimu yokushisa zisiza nasekugcineni amazinga okushisa asebusuku eqinile, okubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni eziningi ezizwela ukushisa. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ukukhanya kwe-infrared zisiza ukugcina ukushisa okukhiqizwa emini, kwakha umphumela webhethri lokushisa olunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa futhi kuvikele izitshalo ekulimaleni yiqhwa.

Izici Zokuqina Nokumelana Nezimo Zemozulu

Ukuzinza kwe-UV Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside

Ifilimu ye-greenhouse esezingeni eliphakeme ihlanganisa ama-UV stabilizers avimbela ukuwohloka kwe-polymer okubangelwa ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside. Lezi zengezo zandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwefilimu sibe iminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengu-6 ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, okuhlinzeka ngenzuzo enhle kakhulu ekutshalweni kwemali kwezolimo. Ngaphandle kokuzinzisa i-UV ngendlela efanele, amafilimu avamile epulasitiki ayawohloka ngokushesha, abe buthakathaka futhi alahlekelwe izakhiwo zawo zokubuka nezomshini ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje zifakwe.

Teknoloji yokuvuthiwe kwe-UV ibeke isithunywa sokubambisana nesikhala sokugqibela kahle kwezinyathelo zokuphatha. Lokhu kubhekise ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele nakweminye imizimba yezimo zokulwa, futhi kubhekise izimo ezinkulu zokulwa njengezimo zokuphakama kwamandla, izihlathi, nokuthi izimo zokulwa ziyaphakama okuphelele, okuzoba kubhekisa amakhono okusebenza kwezinto ezingafanele.

Ukukhula Kwamandla Nokubambisana Nokuthiwa

Isithunywa semkhumbu esihle sibonisa ukukhula kwezindawo zokuphatha kanye nokubambisana nokuthiwa, okuyindlela eyodwa yokubambisana nezinyathelo zokuphatha kanye nezimo zokulwa. Izinhlanganiso zamapolymer ezinkulu zenza izithunywa ezinobukhulu bokubambisana nokuthiwa kusukela ekuphathweni kanye nokubambisana nokuthiwa kusukela emandleni wokuphatha kanye nokubambisana nokuthiwa kusukela kwezihlathi. Amaphuzu amandla ayabhekiswe ngokucacile ukuze abe nenkulumo yokubambisana kusukela kwezimo zokulwa kanye nokubambisana nokuthiwa kusukela kwezihlathi.

Ukubambisana nokuthiwa kubhekise kakhulu emazweni apho kunezihlathi noma izinto ezikhipha kusukela kwezimo zokuphakama kwamandla. Okuhle ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo izifomuleyishini ziyafaka amadoda okuhlela ukuthi abeke imithwalo yokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokudala izikhumba noma izihlangothi ezikhipha umlando wokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokuphatha.

Izimphakathi Zomnotho Nezilungiselelo Zomthelelo

Ukusebenza Kwe-Enjini Yokusebenza Nokulula Kokuthatha Imali Yokufika

Amathuba okukhanya kwe-film yegreenhouse eyodwa ayisibonelo sokuthi kuyasebenza kakhulu ekuthinteni imali yokuqhubeka ngokugcina isikhathi sokuthanda. Ukuthanda kahle kwesikhathi sokuhlala kusiza ukuthintela imali yokufika ngeminyaka emibi, futhi kubhekwa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kwe-30-50% ngokulingana nezindlela zokusebenza ezingasemthwakweni wezinhlobo zokuphatha. Lezi zithintelo zokusebenza ziyagcinwa ngeminyaka eminingi, futhi kuyenza ukuthi ukuthenga i-film yegreenhouse eyodwa kuyisibonelo sokuthinta imali ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuqhubekayo okunikezwa ifilimu eliphakeme lokushisa kunciphisa isidingo sezinhlelo zokushisa ezengeziwe nemishini eyinkimbinkimbi yokulawula isimo sezulu. Lokhu kwenziwa lula kwezinhlelo zokulawula imvelo kunciphisa kokubili izindleko zokuqala zemali nezindleko zokugcina eziqhubekayo, kuthuthukisa inzuzo ephelele yokusebenza kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo.

Ukuthuthukisa Inzuzo Nokuthuthukisa Izinga Lokuvunwa

Izimo zokukhula ezilungile ezakhiwe ngefilimu ephezulu yokushisa okuphezulu ziholela ekuvuneni okuphakeme kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe. Indawo ezinzile ikhuthaza amazinga okukhula ahlala njalo, inciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezitshalo, futhi inciphise ukulahleka kwezitshalo ngenxa yomonakalo ohlobene nesimo sezulu. Abalimi abaningi babika ukwanda komkhiqizo ngo-20-40% lapho bethuthukela ezinhlelweni zefilimu eziphezulu zasendlini yokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokulima ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkulungwane zokuzalwa kusinda isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokubaluleka kwemisebenzi, okuyisibonelo esibalulekile kumakheti wezinkulungwane eziningi. Izimo zokuzalwa eziphathelene ngokuphelele zihlinzeka iziphawulo nezinkinga ezenziwa yizimo zokuhlupha, futhi zisinda izinkulungwane eziningi ezinokuthola imali eningi emakhetini ekhuluma ngokuphelele.

Izidingo zokufaka futhi ukulungisa

Iindlela Zokufaka Ngokuchanekileyo

Ukusebenza kwezincwadi zemithambo yezindlu zokuzalwa kuyaphendula kakhulu kumahlelo okufaka okuphelele okunakekela izipropethi zomthwalo. Ukufaka okuphelele kuhlinzeka ukuthi kushwele kanye nokugcina amanzi okungasiza incwadi futhi kwenza izinkinga zokuphatha. Ukufaka kufanele kwenziwe ngezimo zokulwa ezinephakade ukuze kusinde ukufaka okuphelele kanye ukuvikela ukuthi kushwele kwezinto zokuhlupha ngokufaka.

Ukuzinikela kubukhona kwezikhumba zokugcina nokuzinikela kumethode yokugxilisa kususa ukufihla kwamafutha okungakwazi ukuphatha ukuguqula kwesimo sezulu ngokuphelele. I-film yegreenhouse enobunzima iyadinga izinhlangano zokugxilisa ezithile okuzosambisa ubukhulu bokuxhuma futhi zizokwamukela ukuguqula kwesimo sezulu ngaphandle kokudala izindawo zokuxhuma okungabangela ukungafanele.

Ukuchaza nokulandela Ukusebenza

Ukuchaza okuphakade kusiza i-film yegreenhouse ukuba iqondise ukusebenza ngokuphelele ngeminyaka yayo yokuSebenza. Ukuchaza okuphakade kususa amandla nezinto ezingavumelekile okuzosula ukuthintana kwamalight, futhi ukuchaza okuphakade kufunda izinkinga ezingazange zisize isimo sokuthanda. Izindlela zokuchaza ezinobunzima zingasiza ukuthi i-film ibe nempilo engu-1-2 eminyaka ngaphezu kwezidingo zokuphakade.

Ukukhokha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kufaka ukulandela ukusebenzisa imithwalo, ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokuhlala kwezintambo, nokubala izindlela zokusebenza zezintambo okuzokubonisa ukuthi indiza yasekhaya iyasebenza njani. Lezi zimboni zikusiza ukuthi ubheke izinhlelo zokuphila kanye nokubhalisa isikhathi esifanele sokushintiswa ngokuvamile ukuze ubheke ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezindlela ezinhle kunye nokuhlola Okophandle Kwemvelo

Ukubuyiselwa kwaye Ukunciphisa Inkunkuma

Izinhlelo zasekhaya zezindiza zokugcina izinsizakalo zokusebenza zokuphatha izinsizakalo ngokuhle ngokuphathwa kwezindiza ezinamandla kanye nokuphatha kwezindiza ngokuphambuka kwezinsizakalo. Abasemthwali abaningi manje bavumela izinkampani zokubuyisela izindiza ezenziwe ukuthi zibuyiselwe ngokuphambuka kwezinsizakalo, ukuthi amaphutha asekhaya asingaqondwa emagumbini noma emazweni okunqoba.

Ukuphamba kwezindiza zasekhaya ezinamandla kunciphisa ukushintiswa kwezindiza, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa izinto zonke kanye nokudala kwezimboni. Lokhu kubhekiswe kakhulu njengoba izinhlelo zokuphila ziyabhekiswe ngokuphambuka kwezinsizakalo zokuphatha izinsizakalo kanye nokubhekisana nezinhlelo zokuphila ezinamandla.

Izimphakatsi Zokulondoloza Umthelela

Ifilm yokuhlukanisa kwesibhakabhaka esihle sikhulisa ukusebenzisa kahle kwezilwane, amafutha, nokunye okusebenzayo kwezokulima ngokuphutha kahle kokuhle kokuphakathi. Isibhakabhaka sokugrowa esisikhethe kusula ukusebenza kwezilwane ngokuphula kahle kwezilwane kanye nokuphula kahle kwezilwane zokufutha. Ukuphatha amafutha kusukela kubonakala kahle uma izinto zokuphakathi zisikhethe, kusula ukuphula kahle kwezilwane kanye nokuphula kahle kwezilwane zokufutha.

Ukusebenza kuzo zonke izinsuku zeminyaka kusukela kusula ukusebenza kahle kwezinkundla, kusukela kusula ukuthi izindawo ezingaphansi ziyakwenzela ukuthi zibe nesiphumo esifanayo nozindawo ezingaphezulu ezinkulu kakhulu zokulima phandle. Lokhu ukusebenza kahle kwezinkundla kusukela kusula ukuthi kuyisidingo esikhulu uma izinkundla zokulima zizoba ngaphansi kakhulu kanye nokuthi izindawo zokudala kuzo zizoba ngaphansi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinsuku ezingaphi zokusebenza kwe-film yokuhlukanisa kwesibhakabhaka esihle?

I-filimu yomkhumbi wokuphatha izithuthi ngokwezimali zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo enesibonelo sokugcina i-UV isebenza kahle kusukela ema-4 kuze kuma-6 ngeminyaka ngemikhumbi yezimo zokusebenza zokuzenzakalela. Umkhathi wokuphela kuyiphakade kubonakala kubaphakade abaningi njengekuphakamisa kwendawo, ubukhulu bekuphakamisa kwe-UV, ubukhulu bekufakwa kwe-filimu, nokusebenzisa ukulungisa. I-filimu enesibonelo esihle sokugcina i-UV nesizinda sokugcina umkhathi wokuphela singasebenza kahle kusukela ema-8 ngeminyaka kubaphakade abaningi.

Ubukhulu be-filimu yomkhumbi wokuphatha izithuthi buphi obunika umbuso wokusebenza okuhle

Abashayeli bokuphatha izithuthi abaningi bafumana umbuso omuhle wezindawo zokuphatha, ukuthumela kwelighlight, nokuthengiselwa ngokwemali ngokuphatha izithuthi kubukhulu be-filimu phakathi kwe-150-200 microns (6-8 mil). I-filimu ephakeme kakhulu inika umbuso wokuhlala kahle nokuphatha izithuthi kodwa kungadlula ukuthumela kwelighlight kuncane. I-filimu encane kakhulu inika umbuso wokuthumela kwelighlight okuhle kodwa kungadlula ukuphatha izithuthi nokuphatha izithuthi kwezimo eziningi zokuphatha izithuthi.

Ngakho kungakwazi ukulungisa i-filimu yomkhumbi wokuphatha izithuthi uma ibhekwe

Amathuthu amancane kanye neziquqo emfubeni wendawo yokukhanya kungakhululwa ngokulinganayo ngokusebenzisa isitsha sokukhulula indawo yokukhanya noma iziqephu ezisakhiwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwezinsiza zokuzilima. Kepha, umsindo omkhulu noma ukugwagwa kungahlinzeka ngokuphelele ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuthi izindawo zokukhanya zizimele ngokuphelele. Kufanele ukukhulula okuxhaswa kusenziwe ngokuthe ngokushesha ukuze kungavunyelwe ukuthi umsindo uzide kanye nokuhlinzeka kwemisebenzi yokuqinisa imoto yendawo.

Umfubo wendawo yokukhanya uyahluka kanjani kuma-materiali okukhanya okuphelele

Ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo uyabika izimpumelelo eziningi kuma-materiali okuphelele kanye nokuthi kunezindlela zokuthenga ezingaphansi, ukusakha nokususa kungenzeka ngokulinganayo, futhi kunezinkinga zokuthi kungasakazwa ngokulinganayo. Nakuba umfubo wokukhanya okuphelele ungakwazi ukuthi kubhekele iminyaka eminingi futhi kunezinkinga zokuthi kubhekele imithombo yezinto, umfubo wendawo yokukhanya uyabika ukuthi kubhekele imisebenzi ngokulinganayo kanye nokuthi kungasakazwa ngokulinganayo nakwezindlela zokuzilima zokuguqula.