Izicatshulwa Ezikhoyo ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo ukusebenzisa

Imifilimbo ye-greenhouse ngamanye amakhishwa kakhulu nge-polyethylene ne-PVC kuba yidinga ukuba yisikhwama engalibali ukuba yenzelwe yonke indzaba futhi isetjane ngeminyaka engemasi. Abafarm ayithanda i-polyethylene kuba iyimfushane futhi ayivumele ukwesha kudala, ngakho iyasebenza kahle kizindawo eziphila kakhulu ukubuyisela umoya ophakeme kwezindleke. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-PVC ngamakhulu ayisikhwama, ngakho abakhulekeli baya kuyo lapho badinga okungatholakali ukuthi kuthole ukuphahla okuphezulu noma kuthathwa. Ababhikhi bayengeza amagciwane amaningi kusukela kwezokwenza ukuthi le filimbo ayisebenze ngokulula ngemva kokuthengwa. Okunye kwezidingekile kuthole ukuvikela i-UV, ukuthi i-plastic ithole kakhulu ngemva kokuthi kuthathwa yisibhedla esikhulu esingekho ukuthi kuthathwa ngemva kokuthengwa noma kubili. Lokhu kuthola ukuthi kubizwa ngokwengeza kwezindleko. Ukubekwa kwezinto zokwenza kuthola amaphethelo amaningi ngokuhlanganisa nemali futhi kuthola ukuthi kuthathwe ngokwemali. Lapho izinkampani zenza ngokulula nemali futhi zithole izindleko ezitholakalayo, zenza ngokulula ukuthi le filimbo ayithathe ukuthi kuthathwe ngokwemali kusukela kwezokwenza.

Ukuphahla kwezinsuku ezikhulu nephutha lweplastiki

Lapho amafilimu epulasitiki asebenza njengendawo yokugcina izithombo eqala ukubola, aba umthombo omkhulu wokungcola kwepulasitiki encane, okuyinto embi kakhulu emvelweni. Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa abacwaningi be-INL abasebenza nososayensi base-University of Alcala bathola ukuthi lezi zinhlayiya empeleni zifaka izingcezu zepulasitiki ezincane emvelweni yethu. Sikhuluma ngezingcezu ezincane kune-5 mm ezingena enhlabathini nasemanzini yonke indawo, ziphazamise ukuphila kwezilwane. Abalimi abathembele kulezi zembozo zepulasitiki bagcina sebesakaza ukungcola njengoba izinto ziwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa nje yokuguga nokuhlala elangeni. Izinombolo zisitshela ukuthi amanzi agelezayo ezolimo aphakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungcola kwepulasitiki emithonjeni yamanzi. Okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinhlayiya zepulasitiki ezincane zingadlula kanjani ezokuvikela zemvelo zezinto eziphilayo, zithinte zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo futhi zenze sikhathazeke ngempela ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona empilweni lapho amanzi angcolile efika emithonjeni yethu yokuphuza. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-microplastic asakazeke kangakanani ezindaweni zokulima, akungabazeki ukuthi sidinga izindlela ezingcono kunamafilimu ajwayelekile asebenza njengamanje.

Ukuphakamisa kwezinto ezikhemikali zicala nezinyathelo zokungaphuzi kwenqanawe

Imafilmi yeplesiti esetshenziswe kuzindlela zokulima kuzokwenzeka ukuthi zilande amachemikhali ngokwethulwa kwesikhathi, kwenza izinkinga ezinhle kakhulu kusukile. Xa le mafilmi esidumbile ukuphohlwa kwezwa, kubulela amachemikhali embi kusuka kusukile kungakhiqiza izimo ezithintekayo kakhulu kumakoti futhi kuthinte izilwane ezifunda klapansi. Kusebenziswe ukuthola ukuthi kunezinto ezifana ne-Phthalates nezinhlangu eziningi ezilande kuma-filmi futhi zingena kusukile. Izilwane ezithintekwa ngale ndlela yokuhambo kungafundi kahle noma kwenza izimboni ezinhle. Okunzima kakhulu, lezi zinhlangu ziya kufika kwezindlela zokudla kuthiwa kuzindlela zokudla. Okunye, isukile kuyabulawa futhi ngokuthi amandla amakhulu amaningi okwenza isukile aphelwe ayihlulekile kakhulu xa atholakala kule chemikhali. Abakhululekile bafuna ukuthi kuzozama kakhulu lapho isukile sithintekwa ngokuthi kungakhethi ukuphila okuphakade kwezilwane zonke. Kufanele sibone amindlela efiyeke ukuthi sikhathaze le nto uma sifuna ukuthi ukulima kungapheli futhi sikhange ukuthi kungakhethi ukuthi kwezimboni ezengeziwe.

Umbhikiso Wokuthenga: Ukuphakamiswa Kwemfenni Nge-Emisini

Ukubungazela Kwezintshisekelo Zomphoyisi Ngaphandle Kwemfenni

Ukwenza imifanekiso ye-greenhouse kubona kakhulu kwezindlela zokusebenza zokubulawa, ngokukodwa kuba kudingeka ukudala umkhiqizo wesibonelo sangaphandle. Lokhu kubona kakhulu kuhlela ukuphathwa kwezindlela zokusebenza zokubulawa eziphathelene nezicathami zokubulawa, okunethemba ukuthi kuzobe kube limali kwezokuphepha kwezinye izinto. Uma amakhampani aduza amapholime ukuthi i-polyethylene, adinga ukusebenza ngokwehlise kwezindlela zokusebenza ezinamandla okuthi zilungise izindlela zokusebenza zokubulawa eziphathelene nezokuphepha. Isicatolema esisha esipapashwa kwi-Environmental Science & Technology sibonisa ngokubonakalayo ukuthi yini indawo yokuphathwa kwe-carbon uma amakhampani athatha zonke izindlela zokusebenza zokubulawa ngokusebenza. Izinombolo ziyinto eziphathelene nezokuphepha ziyadinga ukuthi sibeke amandla kwezokuphepha kuzobe kube yimali uma sifuna ukuthi sibeke amandla kwezokuphepha kuzobe kube yimali.

Isikhathi Sodwa lesiPolyethylene

Abafowethu baseqela lezenzulwana zingenxa yokuthiwa yizinto ezijwayelekileyo ukulayisha izinxelelo zabo, kodwa lezi zicathwe zinezindleko ephambene nokulandelana nezinhloso zokulandelana nezinhloso. Izithumbi zokuthi lezi zicathwe ziyenzelwa kumuntu kanye nezimo zazo yonke indawo zibonisa ukuthi kune-CO2 okuningi okuphumiwe ngenkathi kwenziwa nekupaya kwazo. Okunye okuthinta phansi kwezinye izindleko zokwenza lezi zicathwe kanye nezimboni eziningi ezifuna ukuthi izifekelo eziningi zisebenzise amagasi nezindlela. Izihlalo zasekhanda zasebenza kule nto futhi. Ezinye izwe zivele ukuthi zisetshenziswa izimiso ezizohlela ukuncipha ukuphumiwa kwezicathwe. Lezi zimiso zithinta abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhululeke kwezindleko ezingcono kanti baze bahlalisela ukuthi abantu abaningi baphule lezi zicathwe esikhathini esingcolile kumakhemistry.

Iimpahla Yokuhambelela Kwesikhathelo Sokuqala

Indlela esebenziswa ngayo ukushiywa kwezifilimhi zokugcwala kwenza uhlu olukhulu kuleyo kuzo. Abafoweni bafuna lezi qina lesithuthi lishipe kuzo zonke izifundazwe ukuya kwezifarmu, oku kakhulu kwenza uhlu olukhulu kwezindleko zokugcwala. Ukujongwa kwezinto ezisebenzela kusithuthi kubonisa ukuthi kukhona indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu. Ikhanda le ndawo nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezindleko ziyimpendulo ebalulekile apha. Izinhlobo ezithile zokusebenza kwemali zithi kakhulu ukuthi le ndawo yisigaba esikhulu kuleyo kuzo. Ukushiywa akuyona indlela yokwenza izindleko zokugcwala kodwa kwenza uhlu olukhulu kwezindleko zokugcwala xa sikhuluma ngezifilimhi zokugcwala kuzo zonke izindawo zemali zasekhanda.

Ukubonisa Ifayela Yesikhumba Esingabhedhlise Ngezinyathelo Ezintsha

Amaglass esikhumbeni kunye nezifayela ezishesha: Umyalezo Wesibhedlela

Ukusebenzisa imiphumano yemfutho kuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwezikhala zemfutho nezinye ezivulwe ngemafilimhi yemfutho. Izinhlamvu zemfutho ngokwesibonelo kudinga amandla anengi ukuze zilindele ukuphila nokujulwa kwemoye, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zenza kanjani. Ngokwesinye isikhathi, imafilimhi yemfutho ingavikela imandla ngendlela enhle futhi ithinte amathuba okuphila okulinganayo kwezimpande, futhi kangangokuthenga okunye. Okuqukethwe yiziphi zindleko ekuqaleni khona kunazo zokusebenzela ngemva kwalokho. Yebo, izikhala zemfutho zingcono kakhulu noma zingcono kakhulu, kepha kungaba nobenefit ekuvezweni kwemiphumano yemfutho ngokulinganisa nokuthula kwemoye. Abakhelwekehi bonke abangithi kudinga ukuthi babheke ngokugcwele into yazo yemali futhi babheke yini leyo ndawo yokuplanthela okudingayo ukusebenza ngendlela enhle kwezimpande ezahlukene.

Amistrakhi Abasebenzela Elandelayo: Izinga Lomsebenzi

Imifilimu yemulch ezingena ngokuphahla ikhono lokubona kakhulu kumisebenzi wokulima, ngokukhula kwehlukahluka kwezindlela zokulima izindleke zasemaphetheni futhi kuholela kwehlukahluka kwenhloso yekhono lokulima. Okunye? Ayihli kangako imisebenzi yokulima ngokushesho ngokulinganisa nezindlela zokulima izindleke zasemaphetheni ngokulinganisa nokuthula kwezinsizakwana, ukuthula kwezinsizakwana kanye nokuthula kwezinsizakwana. Kakhulu lezi zindlela zokulima ezingena ngokuphahla zihlukahluka ngokushesho noma zingena ngokuphahla kakhulu ngokulinganisa nezindlela zokulima izindleke zasemaphetheni. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi izilwane ezahlukahlukene zihamba ngendlela ehlukahlukene ngokulinganisa nezindlela zokulima izindleke zasemaphetheni, ngakho ukwazi izimo zokulima ezingena ngokuphahla kakhulu kuyadingeka futhi kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuluma ngokulula. Kumaqandisa abalimi abasebenzisa ukulima ngendlela yokulima ezingena ngokuphahla, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuluma ngokulula phakathi kwezinhloso zokulima nezinhloso zokulima futhi kuthola ukuluma ngokulula phakathi kwezinhloso zokulima nezinhloso zokulima.

Amalungisi Amane Ngokushesha Ukusetyenziswa Komlayezo

Sibona ukuthi kukhona izinto ezifisayo ezithuthukelayo ngokuthi abalimi bengxenye yabo kakhulu ngokusebenzisa iphlasitiki. Isithethe esibonakalayo yindlela yokudlala phakathi kwezifilme zokudla zokuthuthukiswa nezinto ongayilapha okuphazamiseka noma okubuyiselwe futhi. Le kombisa ikunciphisa inkinga yomnyama ngelokho esebenza ngendlela echanekile kakhulu kumathini nezindlu zemvelo. Faka phakathi lezifilme zokuthuthukiswa zezindlu zemvelo - lapho abasebenzisi bokwenza bangoqala ukwengeza amaqembu okubuyiswa, bakhiwa ngokwengeziwe kahle kulo hlabhangakonye ngaphandle kokuthi kube nokuphephethwa kwemithi. Abalimi bezilwane eCalifornia nezibaluli zezilwane e-Erope bamelela ukusebenzisa lezifilme ezitholwe phakathi. Babhalwe ukuthi kungcono iphlasitiki eliphansi lapho kubuyiselwa kakhulu futhi kuzindawo echanekile kakhulu. Okuthakazelisa ngokwami ngalokhu yona ukuthi akudingi ukukhetha phakathi kwekuphila kwezwe kanye nokugcina ukuproduka isithelo esingcono. Lezi zindlela ezifihlile zingakwazi ukuba yilendlela ephakathi esidinga.

Ukukholelwa Kwesikhashana Sokuzama: Ukukhishwa Kwesibonelo Sokuqala Sokuhlola Umculo Womphakathi

Umbiko wesikhashana wesiphi esiphambili

Ukuze kujwayele ukuphelile kwezifilim eziphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezifilim eziphakathi kunceda ukuthola umcabo owasebenzayo wemipengo yazo. Inqubo iyafaka phakathi konke okuvela kumaqandla amathile, kuye kumakhiyini, ukuthanda kuyasebenza ngokwasebenzayo, futhi ukuthanda kubuya kaphela kumaqondo esikhiphe noma esibuyiswa futhi kusistimu. Izintsolobhalo ezintsha kuleso sonto zibonisa iziphumo ezinhle kusukela kuzo kunezinye izinketho. Isihloko esibekwe ku-Environmental Science & Technology sitholile ukuthi lezi zifilim izine izigasini ezifuywa kakhulu noma kuzo zinye izinketho eziphambene nazo njengezifilim ezigcwele. Bakulethi baphathimende abathintekayo ukuthatha izimpawu ezinhle ngaphandle kokuthuthwa kwezimali, le nqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi azithinte ngokuthi kakhulu ukuphila ngokwokwenza ukuthi kubuyiselwe into ngelinye into engonakho ukuthi kungcono kancane kodwa kungcono ngokwasebenzayo.

Amashonalithi ase-UV nokuchabaza ukuphucuka

Izilindeleli ze-UV zinesa ukuba kube phezulu ubudlelwane bokuba yilapho amafayela wegreenhouse ayilapho kuleli kugcina ukuba yilapho kuleli kugcinwa ukulwa kwezulu nezulu. Isimo esimbi? Lezi zilindeleli eziyinto eziphazamisa ukuba kube yilapho ukuphathwa kweplastiki lapho kusebenza. Imibiko yesipho ikubonisa ukuthi amafayela anezilindeleli ze-UV aqala ukulala emhlabeni ngokushesha okungabi nje ukuphathwa ngokufanele. Izilanda zokuphathwa zaziphaza ukuthi kuthinte kanjani lezi zilindeleli lapho kuzozohlelwa, okukhomba ukuthi amanye amaphoyila ayimpumelelwa futhi kakhulu kuthathwa away. Kuye nobani othanda ukuphepha, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kukhona indilema ebonileyo. Sicela sibone indlela ngempumelelo yokuphatha lezi plastiki ezithathwe ngendlela yokuthi singasebenzise amaphoyila wabo futhi sibe nemithi yethu yonke ithuthwe.

Usizo lwenqanawe: Umlilo weplastiki wesine ngochaka 10 vs umlilo weeglasikhe esine ngochaka

Ukuhlola indlela ebonakala ngokwezinye zokulinganisa izindlu zemvula eziplastiki nezilasiti ngokwemithamo yezindleko ngemva kwezingu-10 sikhokhe kubonisa izindlela eziphilayo. Imibhalo yachaza ukuthi izindlu zemvula eziplastiki zihlisa amathambo afewekile kakhulu futhi asebenza ngendlela enhle ngokugcina amandla ngokulingana nezilasiti. Amatekisi asebenzisa isikole esijwayelekile esikuthi i-Sheffield University ayisacelisa ukuthi izindlu zemvula eziplastiki zinethelula elincane futhi zidinga amandla angaphansi ukuzivikelwa, okwakhiwa kakhulu njengesikholo esibonakalayo uma umuntu uyaqhubeka ngemikhondo lekukhula. Kuye kubaningi abayakudala izindlu zemvula eziyisasha, lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele kucingelwe kakhulu ukwahluka kwezindleko ukuthi kuthintekwe kakhulu umhlaba.

Amavuselelo Okulungiseleka Ngokusebenzisa Amadida Wesibhakabhaka

Iteynolojhi Ezintsha Zokubuyisela Amadida Aplasitiki

Iindlela zokuphatha kwakhona zokusebenzisa kwakhona izinto zokwenza indlela yokunciphisa ukungcola kweplastiki ekuseni. Iindlela zokwenza njenge-pyrolysis kunye ne-recycling yezinto chemically zisenza ngokubuyisa iplastiki eziphathwayo kwakhona kwiintengiso ezinokusetyenziswa khona esikhundleni sokuthiwa away, oku kunciphisa ubume bomhlaba. Ngokuchaza, eDutch baye babenze isicelo esihle kange kwiintsuku ezingaphambili apho babuyisela wonke le maphoyila eziphathwayo ezi polyolefin kunye neziphatha kwakhona. Le nqamlelo iyachaza into engachazwa ngokuba yinto ephakathi xa siphatha ukusebenzisa phawula njengenqanawa yokuqonda ukungcola kweplastiki ekuseni esikhundleni sezo zindlela zokuthiwa away oku kuthetha ngoku.

Amaphrojekthi abasebenziwe ngokuthi amaphrojekthi abasebenziwe

Izifilim ezenziwe ngokugcini komhlaba wenziwa kakhulu ngokugreener noma izifilim eziyiswe zokuthenga ngeke kuzozibonakala kakhulu futhi zizobonakala ngokubanzi kancane kakhulu. Okungathi? Kuzokwenza kumele kube yingxenye encane ya-regular plastic. Thatha eLizibetheni lapho abasebenzela bayaqaphela ukuthi bafake amaphethini nezinduku zokomhlaba. Zisebenzile kakhulu ukuthi zibonise amandla, kodwa ubudala bube yisicelo esikhulu kakhulu ababeke ngokwalela ukuthi bafake amaphethini nezinduku zokomhlaba. Kodwa lokhu kungathi kubonisa amandla aphakeme kakhulu ngokukodwa kuzo zindawo zokomhlaba. Ukuthwala le milo yezimali kumele kube yisicelo esikhulu uma sifuna ukuthi kuzozibonakala kakhulu lezi zinhlanzi ezifanele kuzo zinye izinkampani.

Izicwangciso zokuthumela ukudluliswa kwezinhlangamthi

Imiphiqo ye-EPR iyagcwalisa indlela ebalulekile ekubeni yaguqula kangakanani iplesitiki esetshenziswe futhi yacuse ukuthi ukwalimahlathi kube yemiphumela. Le miphiqo ngokwesibonelo kubangela izinkampani ukuba abaleke imikhiqizo yabo kusukela ekwenzekeni kuye kaphela, noma lapho abasebenzisa bayayilayilayo. Ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo abakhelwe futhi bekubegina ukusebenzisa le ndlela, bekusebenzela kumathini okuhlanganisa neokusabela iplesitiki esetshenziswe futhi okunciphisa inkulu yemvilwane. Nga nombeko, e-Germany lapho izinkampani eziningi zikhulisile imisebenzi ye-EPR eyaziwa ngokuthi zihlinza iplesitiki zokutholwa futhi zenzi yini okwenziwa yona panemvilwana. Imiphumela ekuhlaleni ikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa okuhle ekukhupheleni kwezindleke. Okuqukethwe yile miphiqo ukuthi kubangela abakhelwe ukucinga ngendlela entsha mayelana nezimo zabo zokuthengisa futhi akhokele kuzindlela eziningi zokuthi zibe yemiphumela uma kudingeka.